Original works first published online have the same protections as works first published in physical media.
You can't get copyright online or anywhere else. You already have it from the moment you put your creative work of original authorship down in any tangible form. You may optionally register your claim to that ownership, but the certificate from the Copyright Office certainly doesn't "prove" you wrote it or that you own the copyright, only that you officially claim it as yours.
The current verdict about online content is the original creator owns the copyright to that email. All content online is not public domain unless states so on the webpage it was posted.
Registering a Copyright OnlineYes, you can. Go to this website: http://www.copyright.gov/forms/ which is the Electronic Copyright Office.
This depends on the original copyright of the audio file. If you have the rights necessary to listen to any type of music, you can legally do so as you please.
If the patterns are under copyright then you need the permission of the copyright holder to sell them.
You own the copyright on whatever you have made if it is original. This is thanks to something called the Berne Convention. The problem arises when you have to prove that you were the original author of this work. You can basically have to prove that you were the original author and you must have this backed up independently. Sending yourself a CD in the mail does not work, because it's not independent i.e. the CD is kept in your possession. You can register your copyright claim online using a service such as http://www.provemycopyright.com and they will independently back up your claim of originality.
Most copyright societies have online application forms. There may be a registration fee.
The copyright office in your country should make them available online. The Berne Convention is linked below.
The copyright holder has chosen not to distribute it online.
There are three ways to search US copyright records, online (see link below), in person, or you can have the records searched by copyright office personnel.
Products are better protected by trademark than copyright; registration can be done online at the link below.
The copyright office in your country should make them available online. The Berne Convention is linked below.