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Primarily, the extent to which the air is forced to rise. When more air rises, more of it reaches its dewpoint, condensing and eventually forming precipitation (rain or snow). There are different ways to get this, but the most common is for there to be some vorticity (energy) in the form of what we call a shortwave that gets injected into the mid levels of the atmosphere. Additionally, anywhere where warm air is forced to rise over cold air, as it is ahead of a warm front, provides some weak lift. Finally, instability provided by relatively warm water (as can happen near the Atlantic Ocean or Great Lakes) provides lift, as does physically forcing it over a barrier such as a mountain range.

The next most important factor is to have a source of moisture in the low-mid levels of the atmosphere. The Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico are great sources of moisture.

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