There are many different interfaces used.
For internal hard drives, older drives use/used PATA (Parallel ATA, originally just called ATA, and commonly referred to as IDE). Newer drives generally use SATA (Serial ATA).
For external drives, connections include USB (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0), eSata, and Firewire (IEEE 1394).
SATA
SATA
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) refers to a standardized interface that provides slots for connecting hard drives to the motherboard of a computer. SCSI, known as Small Computer Systems Interface, provides a universal interface for connecting such devices as disc drives, hard drives, plotters and scanners.
Floppy drives do not typically need drivers. Any operating system on a typical PC can interface with the floppy controller integrated into the motherboard. All modern operating systems include drivers to interface with drives connected via USB.
backbone
SCSI Harddrive:80-pin Connector The SCA interface was designed to provide a standard connection for systems using hot swappable drives. SCA interface drives connect to a SCSI backplane that provides power, configuration settings such as SCSI ID, and termination of the SCSI bus.
Hard disk drives
in internal bays
Most external hard drives can be used as internal ones. Provided that the IDE, SATA, or SCSI interface of the external hard drive is the same as the desktop's system board hard drive interface. Users can remove the USB casing and proceed to plug the data and power cables into it. The external drive, just has an additional component, that's used to hook up with the USB port.
External drives require additional controllers to adapt the signals to the chosen interface. The drives themselves are manufactured as ordinary IDE or SATA drives, and are simply placed in an enclosure. The enclosure adds a great deal to the cost. Another factor is that external drives are more prone to damage, so the company may need to charge more to offset RMA costs.
Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE)
In the early take up period of computer cdrom drives, Pc's required an interface to drive the unit itself. Later on, the drives were created able to utilise the IDE interface.
Internal storage of a computer means the memory type that resides inside the computer primarily the internal hard disk drives (or more modern solid state drives). External storage devices include the USB memories, External or network storage drives on which data is stored outside the main computer body.
- How hard drives and other drives interface with a computer system (type of cables and connectors used by drives, motherboard or expansion cards) - Data speeds and transfer methods between the drive controller, the BIOS, the chip-sets on motherboard, and the OS