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The special theory of relativity was proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein and states that:

1. The speed of light is a constant, and

2. All of the laws of physics are applicable within any given inertial reference frame.

Special relativity deals with relative motion at a constant velocity, as opposed to General relativity. An inertial reference frame is formed by a group of objects traveling together at a constant velocity.

For example: If you were in a car moving at a constant 60mph with no bumps in the road to disrupt you, you could throw a ball, perform experiments, and do virtually anything as though you weren't moving at all.

Because of the speed of light being constant for all inertial reference frames, however, special relativity also implies that the faster an object moves, the slower time becomes for that object. Because of this, the theory of relativity is essential for determining speeds, distances and time at very high velocities.

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