How does water the polarity of water help dissolve solids?
Ah chemistry 101, brings back some great memories!
Water H2O is polar which mean that the molecule has a slightly
positive charge on the hydrogens (delta +) and slightly negative
charge on the oxygen (delta -).
This is due to the sharing of electrons and the fact that the
more positively charged protons inside the O atom attract more of a
share of the e- resulting in more negative charge. Because the
postively charged protons of the hydrogens are "exposed" they exert
a slight positive charge.
What happens in pure water then is the weak bonding of delta+ H
to delta - O (referred to as hydrogen bonding).
When something is added to water, it inevitably has a slight
negative or positive charge of it's own unless it is NON POLAR
(HYDROPHOBIC). If it is slightly negatively charged, then it will
be surrounded by H2O with all the H's pointing in towards it and
likewise, if it is positively charged, H2O will surround it with
all the O's point inwards. This is not entirely easy to convey with
the use of diagrams. So I will place a link here so you can see
what I mean.
Polarity of
water:http://www.lsbu.ac.UK/water/hbond-easy.HTML
Dissolving in
water:http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/477347-004-68187776.gif
Hope this helps.