Retrograde motion is in the direction opposite to the movement of something else, and is the contrary of direct or prograde motion. The term is often used when discussing the APARENT motion of the outer planets against the background of the fixed stars. The planets outside the orbit of the Earth appear to move backwards along their orbital paths as our planet (Earth) overtakes them each year. They do not actually start orbiting backwards, it is a line of sight effect caused by OUR shifiting viewpoint. Apparent motion is motion as it is viewed compared to something else. For instance, the Earth rotates counterclockwise when viewed from above the North Pole. If you view Earth from above the South Pole the apparent motion is clockwise.
Motion parallax.
The seasons are due to axial tilts of planets and the apparent motion of stars and sun on the celestial sphere is due to diurnal motion.
mercurys motion can be like any other planets motion
Actual motion and apparent motion.
Accelerates the motion of an object.
YES. There are several meanings to "retrograde" in astronomy. In this case, I am assuming you mean the apparent "backwards" orbital motion of a planet that is sometimes seen. This is very obvious in the case of Mars. Also, all the outer planets show this "apparent retrograde motion". It's easy to forget, but Mercury and Venus also show this behaviour, but in a slightly different way.
Motion
retrograde motion
From the Earth, the planet Mars appears to backtrack across the sky, against the background stars, over several nights (10 weeks or so) before resuming its normal direction. This apparent retrograde motion is caused by the positioning of the planets Mars and Earth, as Earth passes by Mars (travelling more quickly than Mars due to its closer proximity to the sun). Mars does not actually back track, its orbit remains constant and in the same direction, as with the earth. It only appears to backtrack from observations on Earth as the point of view changes.
That is called 'apparent retrograde motion'.See the related link listed belowfor more information.
Retrograde motion