You don't need a shell script for this; just use the 'id' command look at the uid, which for root is 0.
[ $UID -ne 0] # Checks if the user ID is not 0 (root UID)
the sign for root partition in linux is : /
The Linux administrator is called the "root" user.
The root directory is usually /.
The root account is the administrative account on Linux; this account has control over everything in the system.
JSTOR has the document on its website at this link: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2202449?sid=21105431162501&uid=3737952&uid=17953016&uid=67&uid=62&uid=3&uid=2&uid=17952960&uid=70&uid=2129
root
"/" is the root directory in Linux. Make sure not to confuse this with the "/root" directory, which is the home directory for the user "root" (similar to "Administrator" on Windows)
The password would be whatever the root password is set to.
Yes.
root