The sequence of steps that a CPU performs.Also known as fetch-decode-execute cycle.
true
The CPU cycle time is the time between start up and shutdown
yes
DMA can communicate with CPU using Cycle stelaing process
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Bus cycle is a single transaction between the main memory and the CPU.
· Block transfer DMA controller takes the bus control by CPU. CPU has no access to bus until the transfer is complete. During this time CPU can perform internal operations that do not need bus. This is a common and popular method with modern microprocessors. · Cycle stealing This is a word-by-word transfer based on CPU cycle stealing. When DMA steals a cycle, CPU is stopped completely for one cycle. Cycle stealing is not an interrupt. CPU pauses for just one machine cycle. This type of transfer takes a period of time. Some major steps of DMA cycle stealing in order to transfer data to and form memory are: · DMA needs control of the CPU · DMA must use the bus only when the CPU does not need it · CPU is suspended by DMA just before it needs to use the bus · CPU pauses for one bus cycle · DMA transfers one words and then returns the control to CPU · The overall effect is to cause the CPU to execute more slowly · Interleaved DMA. It is similar to block transfer technique, here DMA controller takes the control of system bus only when CPU is not using it. For example, performing an ALU operation or incrementing a counter. The data transfer by this kind of method takes a period of time.
fetch decode exec store
Each time the CPU executes an instruction, it takes a series of steps. The complete series of steps is called a machine cycle. A machine cycle can be divided into two smaller cycles. These are instruction cycle and execution cycle. Instruction cycle: In instruction cycle CPU takes two steps-- 1. Fetching: Before the CPU can execute an instruction, the control unit must retrieve or fetch a command or data from the computer's memory. 2. Decoding: Before a command can be executed, the control unit must decode the command into instruction set. Execution cycle: In execution cycle CPU also takes two steps-- 1. Executing: When the command is executed, the CPU carried out the instructions in order by converting them into macrocode. 2. Storing: The CPU may be required to store the result of an instruction in memory.
fetch,decode
An instruction cycle is the rudimentary operation cycle of any computer. It involves the CPU fetching a program from memory and executing it fully.