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A baronetess is a female baronet.
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What does BT after a name mean?
When somebody adds 'Bt' to the end of their name, it signifies that they've been awarded a baronetcy by the British Crown -- making them a baronet. The female equivalent is 'Btss', meaning baronetess.
What is the female equivalent of a baronet?
The wife of a baronet is called Lady (surname). If a woman succeeds to a baronetcy (there are only about four baronetcies which can be held by women in their own right), then she is a baronetess, Dame (forename surname).
Feminine gender of baron?
A baron is male and a baroness is female.
What are the titles of nobility in German language?
Kaiser -Kaiserin = Emperor, Empress König - Königin = King, Queen Erzherzog - Erzherzogin = Archduke, Archduchess Großherzog - Großherzogin = Grand Duke, Grand Duchess Kurfurst - Kurfürstin = Prince elector, no English equivalent Herzog - Herzogin = Duke, Duchess Landgraf - Landgräfin = Marquess, Marchioness Pfalzgraf - Pfalzgräfin = Marquis, Marquise Markgraf - Markgräfin = Margrave, Margravine, Furst - Fürstin = Prince, Princess Graf - Gräfin = Count, Countess Freiherr, Baron - Freifrau, Baronin = Baron, Baroness Ritter, Edler, Herr von..., Junker von... - Edle, Frau von..., Junkfrau von... = Knight, Baronet, Baronetess, Squire
Were nobles also lords?
The nobles and the lords were not precisely the same.The nobles had titles, dukes, earls or counts, barons, and so on.The lords might or might not have titles, and this depended on how the word was used. There is a House of Lords, and all them members are nobles. But then the House of Lords does not include people whose highest rank is baronet or knight, who are nobles.The word lord can mean just the owner of a property on which people live who are not in his or her family. Thus, the word became combined with the word land into the word landlord. The lord of a manor was not necessarily a knight or baron, but could be a commoner. And in fact, the younger sons of a nobleman were of the nobility, but they were also commoners.There were different levels of nobility, and to some extent the people of different ranks had different functions. They were as follows (there were examples of women who had title in their own right at all levels, including women who were monarchs; also titles here are in English):Emperor or empress, who was head of an empire consisting of different states, each of which could be ruled by a lesser monarch or count, or as a republic or commune.King or queen, who was a monarch of a kingdom but might be subject to an emperorPrince or princess, who might be a monarch of a principality, might be subject to a king or emperor, or might simply be a son of a king or emperor.(Archduke and archduchess are post medieval)Duke and duchess, who had the highest level of peerage, and whose duchies could, in theory, contain multiple counties. Also, in theory, a duke could maintain an army. Some duchesses were called dukes rather than duchess. For example, Queen Elizabeth II is the Duke of Normandy (in the Channel Islands) and Duke of Lancaster.Marquess and marchioness, who were counts of marches, or border counties, and expected to have their own armies to oppose invasions.Earl and countess, who were the chief lords of counties. They did not have armies, though they did have men under arms, who were the equivalent of militias.(Viscount and viscountess are post medieval)Baron and baroness, who were peers, meaning they were, for example, able to sit in parliament as lords, in many ways on a footing equal with all up to the level of duke. The were at the lowest rank that could sit in parliament. They theoretically had large estates with other untitled manorial lords below them.(Baronet and baronetess were post medieval)Knights and dames, whose titles were not hereditary. There were hereditary knights on the continent.Untitled members of the nobility, who were the younger sons and daughters of the people with titles.Gentlemen and gentlewomen, people with no title, but who lived in and managed manors. This group is not explicitly defined under the law, as far as I know.A person with one rank could also have another. So, a duke of a duchy could also be an earl of a county and also a knight. So, for example, Lionel of Antwerp was the Duke of Clarence, but he was also the Earl of Ulster. And many members of the higher ranks of nobility are also knights; the Prince of Wales has always been also a Knight of the Garter.
What was the social structure of the times?
The society was separated into Church and secular, each with its own hierarchies. In the beginning of medieval times, the Church was mostly, but not all, based in Rome. In later times, after 1054, the Roman Church had divided into Roman Catholic, based in Rome and headed by a Pope, and the Eastern Orthodox, headed by the Patriarch of Constantinople. The Church was divided functionally into the ordinary clergy, who are referred to as secular because they minister to the needs of secular people, and the monastics, who are referred to as regular because they are regulated by monastic rules. The secular clergy are ordered as follows, from the highest rank down: Pope in Rome or Patriarch of Constantinople Cardinals (Roman Church), archbishops who could elect a new pope Archbishops (Roman Church), senior bishops Bishops, heads of dioceses, which consisted of geographical groups of churches Priests of local churches Deacons, lower order in local churches The regular clergy are ordered as follows, again top down: Pope or Patriarch Grand Master, heads of monastic order, which could be worldwide in scope Abbots, heads of local monasteries Monks, who were the members of monasteries Novices, training to become monks The secular people also each had a place in a social hierarchy. The social hierarchy, from the top down, was as follows: Monarch, who could be emperor, king, prince, or duke, but was independent Nobility Freemen Serfs Slaves A king could be a vassal of an emperor, and so was not always an independent monarch. Similarly, princes and dukes were usually vassals to kings or emperors. The English nobility consisted of the following, from the top down: King or Queen Prince or Princess Archduke or Archduchess Duke or Duchess Marquess or Marchioness Earl or Countess Viscount or Viscountess Baron or Baroness Baronet or Baronetess (not in medieval times) Knight or Dame (not hereditary in England) Esquire (not always nobility) Continental nobility was the same but with different spellings, except that the continental equivalent of an earl is a count. Freemen were not all middle class. The highest levels of the free were such people as prosperous businessmen. These people were not of inconsiderable stature. One family that is very well known even today, for example, was the Medici banking family, which later became nobility. The Hanseatic League rivalled nations in importance, and its merchants, who were not nobility, rivalled the nobility in their areas in importance. The lowest levels of freemen were hardly above the serfs. They included small craftsmen, such as bakers, potters, or smiths. Indeed, at the lowest level of the free were Travellers, who are sometimes now rather inaccurately referred to as Gypsies, and included the least of the itinerant musicians, jugglers, and tinkers. Serfs were not slaves, but were not free to leave the land they worked on. They had a set of fixed mutual obligations with their lords. They provided the lords with parts of the fruits of their labor, and the lords protected them and provided them with a place to live and work. The serfs had rights, and one of these rights was a right to live on the land they occupied; if the land was sold, the new owner was not allowed to evict them and replace them with someone else. Slaves existed or not, depending on the country. The tendency during the middle ages was to free slaves. The reasons for this are not entirely clear, but could have been based on the acceptance of Christianity, because the Old Testament laws do not permit keeping believers in bondage for longer than seven years.
What was the social structure of Medieval Times?
The society was separated into Church and secular, each with its own hierarchies. In the beginning of medieval times, the Church was mostly, but not all, based in Rome. In later times, after 1054, the Roman Church had divided into Roman Catholic, based in Rome and headed by a Pope, and the Eastern Orthodox, headed by the Patriarch of Constantinople. The Church was divided functionally into the ordinary clergy, who are referred to as secular because they minister to the needs of secular people, and the monastics, who are referred to as regular because they are regulated by monastic rules. The secular clergy are ordered as follows, from the highest rank down: Pope in Rome or Patriarch of Constantinople Cardinals (Roman Church), archbishops who could elect a new pope Archbishops (Roman Church), senior bishops Bishops, heads of dioceses, which consisted of geographical groups of churches Priests of local churches Deacons, lower order in local churches The regular clergy are ordered as follows, again top down: Pope or Patriarch Grand Master, heads of monastic order, which could be worldwide in scope Abbots, heads of local monasteries Monks, who were the members of monasteries Novices, training to become monks The secular people also each had a place in a social hierarchy. The social hierarchy, from the top down, was as follows: Monarch, who could be emperor, king, prince, or duke, but was independent Nobility Freemen Serfs Slaves A king could be a vassal of an emperor, and so was not always an independent monarch. Similarly, princes and dukes were usually vassals to kings or emperors. The English nobility consisted of the following, from the top down: King or Queen Prince or Princess Archduke or Archduchess Duke or Duchess Marquess or Marchioness Earl or Countess Viscount or Viscountess Baron or Baroness Baronet or Baronetess (not in medieval times) Knight or Dame (not hereditary in England) Esquire (not always nobility) Continental nobility was the same but with different spellings, except that the continental equivalent of an earl is a count. Freemen were not all middle class. The highest levels of the free were such people as prosperous businessmen. These people were not of inconsiderable stature. One family that is very well known even today, for example, was the Medici banking family, which later became nobility. The Hanseatic League rivalled nations in importance, and its merchants, who were not nobility, rivalled the nobility in their areas in importance. The lowest levels of freemen were hardly above the serfs. They included small craftsmen, such as bakers, potters, or smiths. Indeed, at the lowest level of the free were Travellers, who are sometimes now rather inaccurately referred to as Gypsies, and included the least of the itinerant musicians, jugglers, and tinkers. Serfs were not slaves, but were not free to leave the land they worked on. They had a set of fixed mutual obligations with their lords. They provided the lords with parts of the fruits of their labor, and the lords protected them and provided them with a place to live and work. The serfs had rights, and one of these rights was a right to live on the land they occupied; if the land was sold, the new owner was not allowed to evict them and replace them with someone else. Slaves existed or not, depending on the country. The tendency during the middle ages was to free slaves. The reasons for this are not entirely clear, but could have been based on the acceptance of Christianity, because the Old Testament laws do not permit keeping believers in bondage for longer than seven years.
What was the hierarchy of titels from highest to lowest that make up the british nobility?
There are two official hierarchies. One is the Order of Precedence, and the other is the Line of Succession (ie. who is in line to the Throne). The first is probably what you are looking for and the list below includes the names of current office holders: Members of the Royal Family # The Sovereign # HRH The Duke of Edinburgh # HRH The Prince of Wales # HRH The Duke of York # HRH The Earl of Wessex # HRH Prince William of Wales # HRH Prince Henry of Wales # Viscount Severn # HRH The Duke of Gloucester, grandson of King George V # HRH The Duke of Kent, grandson of King George V # HRH Prince Michael of Kent, grandson of King George V and younger brother of the Duke of Kent # The Archbishop of Canterbury (The Most Revd and Rt Hon. Rowan Williams) # The Lord High Steward (only appointed for coronations) # The Lord High Chancellor (The Rt Hon. Jack Straw) # The Archbishop of York (The Most Revd and Rt Hon. John Sentamu) # The Prime Minister (The Rt Hon. Gordon Brown) # Commonwealth Prime Ministers, while visiting the UK, in order of appointment # The Lord High Treasurer (The Rt Hon. Gordon Brown (First Lord of the Treasury)) # The Lord President of the Council # The Speaker of the House of Commons (The Rt Hon. Michael Martin) # The Lord Speaker # The Lord Chief Justice (The Rt Hon. The Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers) # The Lord Privy Seal # Ambassadors and High Commissioners in order of arrival # The Lord Great Chamberlain (The Most Hon. The Marquess of Cholmondeley) # The Lord High Constable (only appointed for coronations) # The Earl Marshal (His Grace The Duke of Norfolk) # The Lord High Admiral (office now held by the Sovereign) # The Lord Steward of the Household (His Grace The Duke of Abercorn) # The Lord Chamberlain of the Household (The Rt Hon. The Earl Peel) # The Master of the Horse (The Rt Hon. The Lord Vestey) # Dukes # Certain Members of the Royal Family ## Earl of Ulster, eldest son of HRH The Duke of Gloucester ## Earl of St Andrews, eldest son of HRH The Duke of Kent # Ministers, Envoys, and other very important visitors from foreign countries # Marquesses # Eldest sons of Dukes # Earls # Younger sons of Dukes of Blood Royal (The Lord Nicholas Windsor) # Eldest sons of Marquesses # Younger sons of Dukes # Viscounts # Eldest sons of Earls # The Lord Frederick Windsor, a member of the extended Royal Family. # Younger sons of Marquesses # The Lords Spiritual ## The Bishop of London (The Rt Rev and Rt Hon Richard Chartres) ## The Bishop of Durham (The Rt Rev Tom Wright) ## The Bishop of Winchester (The Rt Rev Michael Scott-Joynt) ## Other Church of England Diocesan Bishops, according to seniority of consecration ## Suffragan Bishops, according to seniority of consecration ## Retired Church of England Diocesan Bishops, according to seniority of consecration # Secretaries of State, if of the degree of a Baron # Barons and Lords of Parliament # The Master of the Rolls (The Rt Hon. Sir Anthony Clarke) # The Royal Household ## Commissioners of the Great Seal (no present holders: the Great Seal is not in commission) ## Treasurer of the Household (Nick Brown, also Deputy Chief Whip in the House of Commons) ## Comptroller of the Household (Thomas McAvoy) ## Vice-Chamberlain of the Household (Liz Blackman) # Secretaries of State under the degree of Baron: ## The Rt Hon Alistair Darling ## The Rt Hon David Miliband ## The Rt Hon Des Browne ## The Rt Hon Alan Johnson ## The Rt Hon Hilary Benn ## The Rt Hon Douglas Alexander ## The Rt Hon John Hutton ## The Rt Hon Peter Hain ## The Rt Hon Edward Balls ## The Rt Hon James Purnell ## The Rt Hon Shaun Woodward ## The Rt Hon John Denham # Eldest sons of Viscounts # Younger sons of Earls # Eldest sons of Barons # Knights of the Garter: ## The Lord Richardson of Duntisbourne ## The Lord Carrington ## HRH the Duke of Kent ## The Duke of Wellington ## The Lord Bramall ## The Viscount Ridley ## The Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover ## The Lord Ashburton## The Lord Kingsdown ## Sir Ninian Stephen ## Sir Timothy Colman ## HRH the Duke of Gloucester ## The Duke of Abercorn ## Sir Erskine William Gladstone of Fasque and Balfour, Bt ## The Lord Inge ## Sir Anthony Acland ## The Duke of Westminster ## The Lord Butler of Brockwell ## The Lord Morris of Aberavon ## The Lord Bingham of Cornhill ## The Rt Hon. Sir John Major # Knights of the Thistle: ## HRH The Duke of Edinburgh ## The Earl of Wemyss and March ## The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine ## The Lord Thomson of Monifieth ## The Earl of Airlie## The Viscount of Arbuthnott ## The Earl of Crawford and Balcarres ## The Lord Macfarlane of Bearsden ## The Lord Mackay of Clashfern ## The Lord Wilson of Tillyorn## The Lord Sutherland of Houndwood ## Sir Eric Anderson ## The Lord Steel of Aikwood ## The Lord Robertson of Port Ellen # Knights of St Patrick (order obsolete) # Privy Counsellors # Certain Officials and Senior Judges ## Chancellor of the Order of the Garter (The Lord Carrington) ## Chancellor of the Exchequer (The Rt Hon. Alistair Darling) ## Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (The Rt Hon. Ed Miliband) ## President of the Queen's Bench Division (The Rt Hon. Sir Igor Judge) ## President of the Family Division of the High Court (The Rt. Hon. Sir Mark Potter) ## Lords Justices of Appeal ## Judges of the High Court # Younger sons of Viscounts # Younger sons of Barons # Baronets # Knights Grand Cross or Grand Commander ## Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ## Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India (order obsolete) ## Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George ## Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (order obsolete) ## Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ## Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire # Knights Commander ## Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath ## Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India ## Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ## Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire ## Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ## Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire # Knights Bachelor # Certain Officials ## Vice-Chancellor of the County Palatine of Lancaster (Mr Justice Lloyd) ## Recorder of London (Michael Hyam) ## Recorder of Manchester and of Liverpool (in order of appointment): ### Recorder of Manchester (Judge Maddison) ### Recorder of Liverpool (Judge Globe) ## Common Serjeant (Judge Beaumont) # Judges junior to those of the High Court ## Circuit Judges ## Master of the Court of Protection (Denzil Lush) # Members of Orders ## Companions of the Order of the Bath ## Companions of the Order of the Star of India ## Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George ## Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire ## Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order ## Commanders of the Order of the British Empire ## Companions of the Distinguished Service Order ## Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order ## Officers of the Order of the British Empire ## Companions of the Imperial Service Order # Eldest sons of younger sons of hereditary peers or hereditary peeresses # Eldest sons of Baronets # Eldest sons of Knights ## Eldest sons of Knights of the Garter ## Eldest sons of Knights of the Thistle ## Eldest sons of Knights of St Patrick ## Eldest sons of Knights Grand Cross or Knights Grand Commander ### Eldest sons of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ### Eldest sons of Knights Grand Commander of the Star of India ### Eldest sons of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George ### Eldest sons of Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire ### Eldest sons of Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ### Eldest sons of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire ## Eldest sons of Knights Commander ### Eldest sons of Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath ### Eldest sons of Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India ### Eldest sons of Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ### Eldest sons of Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire ### Eldest sons of Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ### Eldest sons of Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire ## Eldest sons of Knights Bachelor # Members of the Royal Victorian Order # Members of the Order of the British Empire # Younger sons of Baronets # Younger sons of Knights ## Younger sons of Knights of the Garter ## Younger sons of Knights of the Thistle ## Younger sons of Knights of St Patrick ## Younger sons of Knights Grand Cross or Knights Grand Commander ### Younger sons of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ### Younger sons of Knights Grand Commander of the Star of India ### Younger sons of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George ### Younger sons of Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire ### Younger sons of Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order ### Younger sons of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire ## Younger sons of Knights Commander ### Younger sons of Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath ### Younger sons of Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India ### Younger sons of Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George ### Younger sons of Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire ### Younger sons of Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order ### Younger sons of Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire ## Younger sons of Knights Bachelor
