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A benzonitrile is the aromatic nitrile C6H5-CN, used as a solvent and with many industrial applications.
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How to calculate the number of moles of benzonitrile?
The molar mass of benzonitrile is 103,12 g .
Write equations that illustrate the mechanism of the basic hydrolysis of benzonitrile to benzoate ion?
MECHANISM for hydrolysis of benzonitrile to benzoate ion in NAOH
What gas evolved during alkaline hydrolysis of benzonitrile?
ammonia NH 3
Why is benzonitrile is liquid at room temperature while benzoic acid is a solid at room temperature?
Chemicals have their own intrinsic properties and melting point is one of them. Carboxylic acids tend to raise the melting point of substances as compared to their nitrile kin by increasing the polar interactions between like molecules. These interactions require greater energy to overcome to achieve the liquid state, which to the observer shows up as higher melting points. It just happens that room temperature falls between when benzonitrile melts and when benzoic acid melts.
What has the author Adam Yuzo Orita written?
Adam Yuzo Orita has not authored any widely known works as of now.
How do you make benzene from benzoic acid?
Benzoic acid is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. Cobalt or manganese naphthenates are usually used as catalysts. Benzoic acid is found naturally in many plants and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites.
How do you synthesize 2-phenylpropanal from benzene?
I can't say for sure, this isn't one I've thought much about but lets look at it logically. To a stable molecule like a benzene or an aryl group, there isn't much you can do in the absene of a catalyst. YOu can halogenate, formylate, acylate plus numerous more complex stuff. I think there would be a route via styrene oxide, at least there is in the literature. so for that youd acylate to acetophenone then reduce with borohydride then dehydrate to the alkene followed by performic acid epoxidation to styrene oxide. a grignard methyl magnesium bromide reagent will open the oxide to an alcohol in some percentage the direction you want and maybe a bit the opposite. Now you need to oxidize a terminal alcohol without over doing it and making the carboxylic acid and manganese dioxide is out because you need an adjacent double bond or benzene ring alfa to it to work Permanganate would be like taking a tank to a knife fight, dchromate would be ok in conjunction with pyridine, just get a text on oxidations or look at one online and you[ll find your answer. nitric acid is my go to choice for a terminal alchohol but it may be too much here, maybe very cold and slow addition of acid but it will be too much. good luck, that is a pretty significant sythesis problem for a student that is doing anything but advanced organic chemistry. alternatives would be a bromination of benzene to bromobenzene followed by a grignard with bromoethene to get styrene. start with benzaldehyde , do grignard with methylmagnesium bromide and dehydrate the alcohol start with benzonitrile and grignard with methylbromide to acetophenone reductions with borohydride can maybe use zinc instead or aluminum amalgam, certainly ataolysis with palladium solvents used would be thf or ether for grignards, the acylation of benzene could likely self solvate, the reduction with borohydride in methanol or methanol/dcm or water will work too. the best system here would be probably methanol/dcm, look at intermediates in sn1, sn2 reactions and you'll figure out why. remember you need an intermediate to form often when you want a reaction to go, if the intermediate is not compatible with the solvent it won't form.
