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A biorefinery is a facility that integrates processes and equipment to produce a range of bio-based products, primarily from renewable biomass resources. This concept is analogous to petroleum refineries, which produce a range of products from petroleum. The main difference is that a biorefinery uses sustainable, renewable biological sources rather than fossil sources.
The goal of biorefineries is to extract the maximum value from biomass by converting it into a spectrum of marketable products, such as:
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**Biofuels**: Such as ethanol, biodiesel, and bio-jet fuel.
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**Bioproducts**: Including chemicals, polymers, and materials that traditionally come from petroleum sources.
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**Bioenergy**: In the form of heat or electricity.
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**Food and feed ingredients**: Some biorefinery models may produce products suitable for consumption or animal feed.
There are several types of biorefineries depending on the primary biomass input and the technologies employed:
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**Lignocellulosic biorefineries**: Focus on breaking down and processing plant matter like wood, straw, and certain grasses.
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**Algal biorefineries**: Use microalgae as feedstock, which can produce lipids for biodiesel and other valuable compounds.
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**Thermochemical biorefineries**: Use heat-based processes, like gasification or pyrolysis, to break down biomass.
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**Sugar-based biorefineries**: Start with sugar-rich plants, like sugarcane or sweet sorghum, and ferment them to produce ethanol and other products.
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**Green biorefineries**: Process fresh biomass, such as green grasses, to produce protein extracts, fibers, and other compounds.
Biorefineries represent a significant stride towards a circular, sustainable economy by turning biomass, which can be regrown each season, into useful products and reducing our dependency on finite fossil resources.
VAHIT ILHAN
Wiki User
∙ 8y agoA biorefinery is a facility which assists with the coproduction of a large range of biologically-based products, such as food, chemicals and materials, and energy, from biomass.
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How does the fruitarian diet work?
In theory the fruitarian diet would work due to its design and planning by whoever preapares the fruitarian meals. This means that the fruitarian chef must use intelligence able to do several things such as procure a supply of ripe fruits as needed for the ongoing fruitarian diet, plus be able to distinguish what is the edible detritus portion of the ripe fruits so that the diet does not revert to seed predation and consumption of plant biomass protoplasm. As well the chef needs to be able to make the meals nutritionally adequate with fruit constituents (sugars, amino acids, fats, minerals) in suitable ratios and especiallp with enough amino acids or high quality protein from ripe fruits such as jessenia species. The fruitarian diet would work due to rapid aborption of free form nutrients during digestion by the aspiring non-predatory fruitarian without the need for bacteria doing catabolic breakdown of food as in the intestinal tract of typical plant predator vegans and vegetarians. In the future fruitarian diets could be supported with more options if excess sugar is removed from fruits in a biorefinery specially designed to adjust ratios of food constituents in a stream of ripe edible fruit detritus biomass.someone who only eats fruit just like a vegetarian who only eats veggies
Loose bulk density?
Bulk density is a major physical property in designing the logistic system for biomass handling. The size, shape, moisture content, individual particle density, and surface characteristics are few factors affecting the bulk density. This research investigates the effects of true particle lengths ranging from 6 to 50 mm and moisture contents ranging from 8% to 60% wet basis (wb) on the bulk density of wheat straw and switchgrass. Three types of particle densities of straw and switchgrass measured were: a hollow particle density assuming a hollow cylindrical geometry, a solid particle density assuming a solid cylindrical geometry, and a particle density measured using a gas pycnometer at a gas pressure of 40 kPa. The bulk density of both loose-fill and packed-fill biomass samples was examined. The calculated wet and dry bulk density ranged from 24 to 111 kg m-3 for straw and from 49 to 266 kg m-3 for switchgrass. The corresponding tapped bulk density ranged from 34 to 130 kg m-3 for straw and 68 to 323 kg m-3 for switchgrass. The increase in bulk density due to tapping the container was from 10% for short 6-mm particles to more than 50% for long 50-mm particles. An equation relating the bulk density of stems as a function of moisture content, dry bulk density, and particle size was developed. After the validation of this bulk density equation, the relationship would be highly useful in designing the logistics system for large-scale transport of biomass to a biorefinery. The bulk density and particle density data of uniform particles would be important, if straw and switchgrass is used for pulping and paper making.
