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A bureautic is a person who suffers from bureausis, the psychological aversion to bureaucracies and bureaucratic behaviour.
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What are the similarities between max Weber and Henri fayol?
Fayol and Weber contrast in their principles of management more so than they are alike. Fayol focused on the personal duties of management and advocated teamwork and personal initiative. Weber distrusted the personal, family-like component in favor of a bureautic organization run efficiently through competent labor specialization. What Fayol and Weber did mostly agree upon is the benefit of a defined authority controlling the work, and division and specialization of work where employees become "experts" at what they do. Hope this helps.
What are the general problems faced by Pakistani farmers at the time of tilling and harvesting of crops?
PROBLEMS FACED BY FARMERS OF PAKISTAN IN AGRICULTURE A STUDY BY MR ALLAH DAD KHAN PPD CMPII KHYBER PAKHTOON KHWA PESHAWAR Following are the causes of our backwardness in agriculture: 1. Lack of Education Technical knowledge. The farmers of our country are mostly un-educated and lack technical knowledge .They are unable to understand the modern scientific methods of agriculture and often remain ignorant of good means to protect and increase their yield. Their production is therefore low. 2. Lack of Capital and burden of debts The majority of our farmers are poor and they often live in a hand to mouth position. Most of them are always under heavy burdens of debts. So due to lack of capital they cannot afford to purchase modern scientific implements, chemical manures, improved types of seeds etc.Hence they can not attain the required standards. 3. Stickness to the Old Traditional farming Most of our farmers are still stuck to the old traditions of their fore fathers. The circumstances have compelled them to use the crude implements, because due to small holdings of land and poverty they are unable to acquire and use modern scientific methods. That is why their standard is lower than that of cultivators in developed countries. 4.Water logging and Salinity the ailment to soil water logging and salinity is increasing day by day. Due to excessive use of canal water, most of our cultivated lands have become victims of these two dangerous diseases. Every year, salinity alone, is turning about 1,00,000 acres of arable land into marches and salt lands. Water-logging is no less injurious. On the other hand the measures taken so far are quite inadequate for such issues. 5. Uneconomical Land Holdings size the small farmers are increasing in our country as the lands are dividing generation by generation. So, there are large number of farmers who own only 4 acres of land. These small farmers do not get credit facilities to purchase seeds, pesticides, fertilizers etc. Additionally, a large area of land is owned by feudals and the farmers who work on their lands, are just tenants. This uncertain situation of occupancy neither creates incentive of work nor does attract capital investment 6. Scarcity of Water for irrigation Our farmers have to face many problems due to scarcity of water which is one our major problems. Large tracts of land estimated to be about 22 million acres is lying uncultivated due to shortage of water. Rainfall is uncertain and the existing irrigational facilities in our country are quite insufficient and need to be extended. 7. Land Tenure System The land tenure system of Pakistan has creates a chain of intermediaries in between the state and the tenants. The system, instead of being conductive to agricultural development, stands in the way of its progress. 8. Soil Erosion a threat to soils In some areas of our country, especially in hilly regions, the upper fertile soil is being eroded by different natural agents of change .Thus the fertility is poor and soils are becoming less productive. 9. Lack of Organized Marketing/ regulated marketing's The marketing facilities for agricultural products in Pakistan are still far from satisfactory level. Our cultivators cannot get just prices for their produce due to defective marketing organization. Moreover the chain of middlemen between the producers and ultimate consumers take a heavy share of their produce .Thus the cultivators do not take much real interest in increasing their product too. 10. Pests and Crop Diseases break through Due to lack of agricultural education and methods of modern research, our farmers cannot control the various diseases of crops and attacks of pests and insects. The result I 11.Poor Means of Transportation The agricultural activities in our country are performed in rural areas, but most of our villages have no road or railway links with our markets. So farmers have to face innumerable hardships to sell their products. Hence the farmers take very little interest in their profession and production suffers. 12.Lack of Credit Facilities and access to farming communities The resources required for agricultural operation are land,layout,live stock, farm equipment, seeds,fertilizers,irrigation,transport etc.For the convenient and timely procurement of these resources the farmers must have easy access to credit. The A.D.B.P and commercial banks provide loans to the farmers which are insufficient because our farmers are very poor. 13. Low Yield Per Acre of crops ,fruit and vegetables Pakistan has low yield per acre that means the average crop in Pakistan is just 1/4th of that of advance states. Where as Nepal, India and Bangladesh are using modern scientific methods to increase their yield per acre. For this purpose, these states are using modern machines to improve their yield. 14, Water wastage water wastage is very high in our country. The archaic method of flood irrigation is still in practice in whole of the country which wastes almost 50 to 60 percent of water Suggestion for Remedies to these problems 1.Reclamation of Land The land which has been declared useless due to salinity and water-logging should be reclaimed. Tube-wells should be installed in the affected areas to decrease the salinity. Beds of new canals should be made of concrete to avoid water-logging. These measures should be taken on priority basis to avoid further deterioration of land. 2. Irrigation Facilities The water storage capacity is decreasing due to sedimentation. In order to increase production to meet food requirements of the growing population, additional water has to be provided. The additional water reservoirs may therefore be started immediately. More dams should be constructed on Indus, Jehlum and Chenab rivers. This will enhance the storage capacity of water and reduce the per acre cost of all the crops. This step will also reduce the salinity chances of the lands as less tubewell water will be flooded to the lands which cause salinity. 3. The Use Of Fertilizers The agricultural yield can also be increased to a great extent by using fertilizers. The use of artificial manure should be introduced throughout the country. Due to poverty and illiteracy our farmers hesitate to purchase the fertilizers. 4.Credit Facilities The use of better seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and modern implements is not possible without adequate credit facilities for the farmers.The government has extended the existing credit facilities to a large extent. The commercial banks also grant loans to the farmers,but still there is a need for more facilities as our farmers are very poor. The commercial banks may be encouraged to provide credit to small farmers in addition to Zarai Tarqauati Bank. 5.Better quality Seeds The farmers should be provided better quality seeds at the lowest price and at the right time. Better seeds will ultimately give better yield. 6. Plant Protection Various plant diseases damage a large part of our crops. But our farmers have no effective control over them.Therefore,preventive and narrative measures should be taken Marketing procedures should be simplified and various marketing facilities should be provided to the cultivators. 11. Improvement In The Means Of transportation And Communication The rural areas of the country must be provided with road and railway links with marketing centers and better means of transport and communication should be provided. 12.Livestock sector improvement Exploit livestock potential trough education of farmers to adopt scientific practices and provision of health care facilities at the farmer's doorsteps. 13.Agriculture Research The agriculture research has to be demand driven. Scientists must develop new cotton and tobacco varieties to improve productivity. The certified seed based on research may be made available to farmers without passing through bureautic channels. 14.Sprinkle and Drip Irrigation Water management of water through new systems be encouraged through government. Allah Dad Khan
