In a closed shop, union membership is required. The employer agrees to hire union members only. The employees must remain members of the union in order to remain employed.
CLOSED SHOPS are banned throughout the United States by the Taft-Hartley Act. A closed shop requires union membership before being hired. The way must be open for non-union workers to enter the workforce. In non-Right-to-Work states, membership or due-paying may be required after being hired. But it's a myth that union membership is required before a job can be filled by management and/or a union.
Closed Shop. The various states set this standard, not the unions. For instance, Arizona is an Open Shop state where union membership is NOT required in order to work for a living. California is a Closed Shop state where union membership (when organized in a facility) is required to work. Closed Shop. A plant where only Union Members may be hired. (U.S History Review Text book by Paul M. Roberts. Pg. 272, paragraph 7) Penn Foster
Membership? They had quit the Union. They wanted independence.
Union membership dropped considerably
What are the effects of right-to-work laws on union membership?
Increased union membership prohibited employers from interfering with union activities.
The term you are referring to is "union security." It is a provision that allows unions to require employees to join or pay fees to the union as a condition of employment. There are different types of union security, such as union shop, agency shop, and closed shop.
Union membership grew and there were more strikes.
1923-1932 Union member ship dropped because President Hoover was anti-union. However from 1933-1939 Union membership grew because FDR was pro-union and the New Deal supported union membership.
American federation of labor limited its membership to skilled craft union.
One reason was that congress outlawed the closed shop