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E Moctezuma, L J FeldmanDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA. edgar@nature.berkeley.edu
Gravitropic perception and response are essential for the completion of the reproductive life cycle of the peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.). The developing seeds are buried in the soil by a specialized organ, the gynophore, allowing the fruit to mature underground. Controversy exists about the site of graviperception in the gynophore: previous workers suggested that the intercalary meristem was the zone where gravity was perceived. Taking the starch statolith hypothesis for graviperception as a framework, we explored the possibility that the starch-grain filled plastids (amyloplasts) in the starch sheath of the gynophore may be acting as gravisensors. We show that these amyloplasts sediment readily with respect to the gravity vector within 30 min of reorientation, and before there is a measurable gravitropic response. Gynophore explants were incubated with gibberellic acid and kinetin, in darkness, to remove starch from the amyloplasts. Destarching the gynophores did not inhibit overall growth of the organ, but reduced the gravitropic response curvature by 82% compared to water-treated controls. In addition, gynophores placed on a rotating clinostat (without hormone treatment) also showed a reduced gravitropic response. In conclusion, the evidence presented in this work strongly suggests that the amyloplasts of the starch sheath are responsible for gravitropic perception in the peanut gynophore. A model for graviperception in the gynophore is presented.
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What are deficiency diseases of starch?
No disease is caused by deficiency of the starch in your diet. Starch fallow you in your diet, specially vegetarian diet.
What are the 3 main nutients in food?
The three main nutrients in food are protien, carboyhdrates and fat...
Why does the starch need to be converted into sugar before it is used to make ethanol?
Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants. Glucose is compounded into chians called starch and stored for later use. During times when there is a deficiency of glucose in plant cells, this stored starch can be broken down back into glucose and used in various metabolic processes
If your horse frequently exercises wich do you feed them increase protein increase carboyhdrates increase fat and increase glucose?
Increased Protein and increased carboyhydrates.
Carbohydrates are stored as?
in the form of starch
What is the primary cellular sites for the capture of energy from carboyhdrates?
Mitochondria is the main cellular site for the capture of energy from carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are important nutrients that provide energy.
Where do plants store glucose in?
In plants, glucose is generally stored as starch.
Can you substitute corn starch for soluble starch?
Corn starch is a souluble starch.
List of deficiency diseases and their symptoms?
Rickets in children and osteomalacia are examples of deficiency diseases due to vitamin deficiency. Scurvy is an example of vitamin C deficiency. Beriberi is an example of vitamin B one deficiency. (Both, wet beriberi and dry beriberi.) Pellagra is an example of Niacin deficiency. Anemia is caused by deficiency of vitamin B 12 and Folic acid. Burning feet syndrome is caused by the deficiency of Pantothenic acid. Night blindness is caused by the deficiency of vitamin A. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are caused by deficiency of proteins and food, respectively. Poverty is caused by deficiency of kindness. Inequality is caused by deficiency of compassion.
Does starch have starch?
No
Deficiency of which mineral causes dwarfism and hypothyroidism?
Dwarfism is zinc deficiency. hypothyroidism is iodine deficiency.
Do you like to eat non-food items like cornstarch laundry starch chalk baking soda baking powder or other items?
Eating non-food items is called Pica. It can be a symptom of iron deficiency, typically iron deficiency anemia, or it may be a symptom of a mental health disorder. If you are eating harmful items, you should be seen and evaluated by a physician. That can be a sign of a nutritional deficiency. See a doctor and take a multivitamin in the meantime. You are so right, it can also be an indication of cancer. I just read in a journal that craving unuasl things such as laundry starch, etc, and also the desire to chew ice, can be signs of the deficiency you talk about, but the underlying cause of that or the anemia can be cancer. That someone going to their Dr. with this, needs to make sure their Dr. finds the root cause, to rule out the chance of colon, and other types of cancer.
