heresy
In the Protestant church the system would be called doctrine or Theology. In the Catholic church it is catechism or dogma.
doctrine
a catholic church
It is called Ste. Anne's Catholic Church.
the catholic church and started a new church called the lutheran church
This is called a schism the most famous being the Great Schism.
Vatican City is the seat of government of the Catholic Church.
The head of the Roman Catholic Church is called the Pope.
It's just the Catholic Church, not the Roman Catholic Church. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is rarely used by the Catholic Church. . The book that explains all the teachings of the Catholic Church is called the Catechism of the Catholic Church, you may view it in its entirely online at the link below, or buy a copy at the second link.
Yes. Anyone who feels drawn to the Catholic Church is invited to study its doctrines and can receive baptism and the other sacraments. Christians who have already been baptized and who, after studying Catholic doctrine, desire to become a part of the Church do not receive a second baptism ("we believe in one baptism for the forgiveness of sin" - Credo), but are welcomed into the Church in a special ceremony called the Rite of Christian Initiation of an Adult, or RCIA.
The correct name of the popularly called Catholic Church is The Holy Roman Church. The word "Catholic" is not a part of its official name.
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (commonly called "Mormons") do not believe in the Incarnation, that is a Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant Christian doctrine. The Incarnation is the doctrine that the second person of the trinity (God the Son) assumed human form and is therefore both God and Man. Mormons do not believe in the doctrine of the Trinity and therefore do not believe in the doctrine of the Incarnation.