Actually, that's mineralizaton. It happens in sedimentary rock as minute particles (not quite molecules, but too small to see) displace bits of tissue. It's common to hear the term "fossilization," but fossils are simply things that are unearthed, mineralized or not.
It's called 'petrification'.
Calcium carbonate
Petrification is the process of turning some plant material into stone without changing the original shape by the infiltration with water carrying mineral particles.
Permineralization is the process of fossilization where mainly water mineral deposits take the form of the organism. The minerals harden with time and pressure from over laying deposits turning into rock. Petrification happens when silica binds with celulose of a plant and turns into stone often retaining the microstructure of the plant.
Petrification is defined as the preservation of organic hard parts by mineral-bearing waters infiltrating the porous material after burial.The common preserving minerals are silica, calcite, and iron compounds.Fossils are not necessarily petrified.So, apart from the above minerals, the answer to your Q is wide open.
Ossification
This process is called ossification.
The resultant fossil would either be referred to as permineralized, where the original pores spaces were infilled with minerals, or petrified, where the original organic matter was replaced with minerals.
Wood petrification is the process in which organic material is converted to stone by becoming impregnated with silica. The wood becomes soaked with mineral-laden water. The water evaporates at about the same rate as the wood decays and mineral crystals replace the wood.
the mineral riches of soil are the sun, the water,the wind, the living organisms,etc...
By scraping the mineral against a piece of tile. The color of the mineral is actually sometimes completely different than the streak.
CaCO3