What does a human egg cell do?

Answer 1

It is one half (the other half being the sperm) which grows into a foetus if it meets a sperm cell.

Answer 2

Gets joined with the sperm from mans body to the egg in the ladies body to make babies.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchFor other uses, see Sperm (disambiguation).Diagram of a human sperm cell.

The term sperm is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed") and refers to the male reproductive cells. In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and oogamy, there is a marked difference in the size of the gametes with the smaller one being termed the "male" or sperm cell. The human sperm cell is haploid, so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell. A uniflagellar sperm cell that is motile is referred to as a spermatozoon, whereas a non-motile sperm cell is referred to as a spermatium. Sperm cells cannot divide and have a limited life span, but after fusion with egg cells during fertilization, a new organism begins developing, starting as a totipotent zygote.[citation needed]

The spermatozoa of animals are produced through spermatogenesis inside the male gonads (testicles) via meiotic division. They are carried out of the male body in a fluid known as semen. Mammalian sperm cells can survive within the female reproductive tract for more than 5 days post coitus.[1]

Sperm cells in algal and many plant gametophytes are produced in male gametangia (antheridia) via mitotic division. In flowering plants, sperm nuclei are produced inside pollen.[citation needed]

Contents[hide]

• 1 Etymology
• 2 Origin
• 3 Anatomy
• 4 Motile sperm cells
• 5 Non-motile sperm cells
• 6 Sperm nuclei
• 7 Sperm quality
• 8 Market for human sperm
• 9 History
• 10 Forensic Analysis
• 11 See also
• 12 References
• 13 External links

EtymologyThe term "sperm" probably comes from sperma which in Greek is "seed" or Latin "something sown". Other terms for sperm include "prostatic fluid" and "seminal fluid" and "seed". OriginSperm originates solely from the testicles, and this is where sperm develop. The initial spermatozoon process takes around 70 days to complete. The spermatid stage is where the sperm develops the familiar tail. The next stage where it becomes fully mature takes around 60 days when its called a spermatozoan.[2]

Subsequently, the semen wherein the sperm is carried is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethral glands.

AnatomySperm fertilizing an egg

The sperm cell consists of a head, a midpiece and a tail. The head contains the nucleus with densely coiled chromatin fibres, surrounded anteriorly by an acrosome, which contains enzymes used for penetrating the female egg. The midpiece has a central filamentous core with many mitochondria spiralled around it, used for ATP production for the journey through the female cervix, uterus and uterine tubes. The tail or "flagellum" executes the lashing movements that propel the spermatocyte.[citation needed]

During fertilization, the sperm provides three essential parts to the oocyte: (1) a signalling or activating factor, which causes the metabolically dormant oocyte to activate; (2) the haploid paternal genome; (3) the centrosome, which is responsible for maintaining the microtubule system.[3]

Motile sperm cellsMotile sperm cells of algae and seedless plants.[4]

Motile sperm cells typically move via flagella and require water in order to swim toward the egg for fertilization. These cells cannot swim backwards due to the nature of their propulsion. The uniflagellated sperm cells (with one flagellum) produced in most animals are referred to as spermatozoa, and are known to vary in size.[citation needed]

Motile sperm are also produced by many protists and the gametophytes of bryophytes, ferns and some gymnosperms such as cycads and ginkgo. The sperm cells are the only flagellated cells in the life cycle of these plants. In many ferns and lycophytes, they are multi-flagellated (carrying more than one flagellum).[4]

In nematodes, the sperm cells are amoeboid and crawl, rather than swim, towards the egg cell.[5]

Non-motile sperm cellsNon-motile sperm cells called spermatia lack flagella and therefore cannot swim. Spermatia are produced in a spermatangium.[4]

Because spermatia cannot swim, they depend on their environment to carry them to the egg cell. Some red algae, such as Polysiphonia, produce non-motile spermatia that are spread by water currents after their release.[4] The spermatia of rust fungi are covered with a sticky substance. They are produced in flask-shaped structures containing nectar, which attract flies that transfer the spermatia to nearby hyphae for fertilization in a mechanism similar to insect pollination in flowering plants.[6]

Fungal spermatia (also called pycniospores, especially in the Uredinales) may be confused with conidia. Conidia are spores that germinate independently of fertilization, whereas spermatia are gametes that are required for fertilization. In some fungi, such as Neurospora crassa, spermatia are identical to microconidia as they can perform both functions of fertilization as well as giving rise to new organisms without fertilization.[7]

Sperm nucleiIn many land plants, including most gymnosperms and all angiosperms, the male gametophytes (pollen grains) are the primary mode of dispersal, for example via wind or insect pollination, eliminating the need for water to bridge the gap between male and female. Each pollen grain contains a spermatogenous (generative) cell. Once the pollen lands on the stigma of a receptive flower, it germinates and starts growing a pollen tube through the carpel. Before the tube reaches the ovule, the nucleus of the generative cell in the pollen grain divides and gives rise to two sperm nuclei which are then discharged through the tube into the ovule for fertilization.[4]

In some protists, fertilization also involves sperm nuclei, rather than cells, migrating toward the egg cell through a fertilization tube. Oomycetes form sperm nuclei in a syncytical antheridium surrounding the egg cells. The sperm nuclei reach the eggs through fertilization tubes, similar to the pollen tube mechanism in plants.[4]

Sperm qualityHuman sperm stained for semen quality testing.

Main article: Semen quality

Sperm quantity and quality are the main parameters in semen quality, which is a measure of the ability of semen to accomplish fertilization. Thus, in humans, it is a measure of fertility in a man. The genetic quality of sperm, as well as its volume and motility, all typically decrease with age.[8] (see paternal age effect).

Market for human spermFurther information: Sperm donation

On the global market, Denmark has a well-developed system of human sperm export. This success mainly comes from the reputation of Danish sperm donors for being of high quality[9] and, in contrast with the law in the other Nordic countries, gives donors the choice of being either anonymous or non-anonymous to the receiving couple.[9] Furthermore, Nordic sperm donors tend to be tall and highly educated[10] and have altruistic motives for their donations,[10] partly due to the relatively low monetary compensation in Nordic countries. More than 50 countries worldwide are importers of Danish sperm, including Paraguay, Canada, Kenya, and Hong Kong.[9] However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the US has banned import of any sperm, motivated by a risk of mad cow disease, although such a risk is insignificant, since artificial insemination is very different from the route of transmission of mad cow disease.[11] The prevalence of mad cow disease is one in a million, probably less for donors. If prevalence was the case, the infectious proteins would then have to cross the blood-testis barrier to make transmission possible.[11] Transmission of the disease by an insemination is approximately equal to the risk of getting killed by lightning.[12]

HistorySee also: Homunculus#Homunculus of spermists

Sperm were first observed in 1677 by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek[13] using a microscope, he described them as being animalcules (little animals), probably due to his belief in preformationism

Answer 3

The main function of egg cells is to join with male cells (sperm) for the purpose of reproduction. They also provide food for new cells that are made in the process. After a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, it becomes a zygote. The zygote becomes an embryo, and the embryo becomes a fetus if we are discussing mammals. Plants also have sperm and ova cells, but they produce seeds, and planting the seeds produces more plants.

the function:

The egg is the sole provider of such endosymbiotic organelles, including mitochondria within the cytoplasm.
In the viviparous animals (which include humans and all other placental mammals), the ovum is fertilized inside the female body, and the embryo then develops inside the uterus, receiving nutrition directly from the mother.
In the oviparous animals (all birds, most fishes, amphibians and reptiles) the ova develop protective layers and pass through the oviduct to the outside of the body. They are fertilized by male sperm either inside the female body (as in birds), or outside (as in many fishes). After fertilization, an embryo develops, nourished by nutrients contained in the egg. It then hatches from the egg, outside the mother's body.

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Answer 4

A human egg cell, or ovum, is the female reproductive cell. When combined with a male sperm cell, the male reproductive cell, it makes a living thing, in this case, a human.

Answer 5

It turns into a baby if it is fertilised by a sperm cell.

Answer 6

it carries DNA that going to be for the baby

Answer 7

An ova or ovum