Historically, latitude was always measured with the sextant, and
longitude with the chronograph (clock). Nowadays, it's all GPS.
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The "sextant", from the latin word for "six", is one-sixth of a circle, and is the primary tool used in celestial navigation. However, before the sextant came into widespread use, the "quadrant" of a quarter-circle and the later "octant", an eighth of a circle, were used.
John Harrison was a self-educated English carpenter and clockmakerwho invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea.
A marine chronometer measures time. It is a very precise instrument because it can also be used to measure the longitude of the ship at sea using the time shown and the angle of the sun.
black sea
The Mediterranean Sea is located at 41º north latitude 28º east longitude.
Latitude - 44°25'50" North Longitude - 26°06'50" East
John Harrison was a self-educated English carpenter and clockmakerwho invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea.
A marine chronometer measures time. It is a very precise instrument because it can also be used to measure the longitude of the ship at sea using the time shown and the angle of the sun.
an amplifier
Astrolabe.
bathometer
PERISCOPE
Caspian Sea
The sextant. An astronomical instrument used to determine latitude and longitude at sea by measuring angular distances, esp. the altitudes of sun, moon, and stars. The chronometer. An extremely accurate clock or other timepiece. Chronometers are used in scientific experiments, navigation, and astronomical observations. It was the invention of a chronometer capable of being used aboard ship, in 1762, that allowed navigators for the first time to accurately determine their longitude at sea.
black sea
Mediterranean sea
Latitude: N 41° 54' 8.8657", Longitude: E 50° 37' 44.8315"
The Mediterranean Sea is located at 41º north latitude 28º east longitude.