It depend on which state you are in. In some states the judicial process of foreclosure, which involves filing a lawsuit to obtain a court order to foreclose, is used when no power of sale is present in the mortgage or deed of trust. However, when no power of sale is present, lenders may, at their option, choose to forego a lawsuit and foreclose by selling the property, as outlined below in the "No Power of Sale Foreclosure Guidelines".
Florida is a judicial state for foreclosures. This means that lenders must go through the court system to foreclose on a property in Florida. This process typically involves filing a lawsuit against the borrower.
judicial foreclosure process
Minnesota is both a judicial and non judicial foreclosure state . Foreclosure by action is a judicial foreclosure and foreclosure by advertisement is a non judicial foreclosure . The vast majority of foreclosure than happen in MN are by advertisement. Under foreclosure by advertisement the rule is that however takes the loan to sheriff sale relinquishes their right to a deficiency judgement. As most foreclosures are initiated by a first position mortgage there is still a potential deficiency that could arise from a second position mortgage.
Be aware that a pre-foreclosure property is not necessarily for sale. The pre-foreclosure stage is the period between the time in which a Notice of Default (in non-judicial foreclosure) or lis pendens (in judicial foreclosure) has been issued to the homeowner and after the property is sold at a foreclosure auction.
In Minnesota, the lender can seek a deficiency judgment after a foreclosure sale if the sale proceeds are not sufficient to cover the outstanding loan balance. However, there are certain limitations on when and how deficiency judgments can be pursued, such as restrictions on the amount that can be collected. It's advisable for borrowers facing foreclosure in Minnesota to consult with a legal professional to understand their rights and options regarding deficiency judgments.
The Foreclosure Laws in the State of California Adhere to Nonjudicial and Judicial Practices. Judicial Practices Involves Filing a Lawsuit. in a Nonjudicial Practice There Are No Court Proceedings.
These are all the mortgage walkaway trustee sale states, meaning they are non-judicial foreclosure states.In those states, generally, when they foreclose on you, they cannot pursue you for their financial losses.Many, such as California, do in theory allow a lender to choose judicial foreclosure but in those cases the lenders only do so if a borrower has significant other assets. This is the "one action" rule that lets the lender either pursue non-judicial foreclosure, at lower cost and less time, or judicial foreclosure that costs more money and takes more time but lets them go after you for their financial losses.AlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoDistrict of Columbia (Washington DC)GeorgiaHawaiiIdahoMississippiMissouriMontana (as long as non-judicial foreclosure is used)Nevada - note that the lender CAN get a deficiency judgment (See below)New HampshireOregonTennesseeTexas (but even in a non-judicial foreclosure, the lender can pursue a deficiency judgment)VirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaThese are states that also allow non-judicial foreclosure, and/or where non-judicial foreclosure is more common and deficiency judgments can be obtained more easily:MichiganMinnesotaNorth CarolinaRhode IslandSouth DakotaUtahWyoming
Utah law allows for both judicial and non-judicial foreclosure. In the former, a judge issues the order for foreclosure. In the latter, a judgment is not necessary; a power of sale clause is included in the mortgage contract that allows for the sale of the property by the lender to recover
Shays led a group of farmers against the local judicial government in order to prevent the foreclosure of their land.
You file it in the Circuit Court of the County where the property is.
deed of trust
REO is only used when a bank takes possession of a property via a foreclosure judicial or non-judicial.