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In a chemical reaction, the only part of the atom affected are the valence (outer energy level) electrons. Chemical reactions can result in new elements or compounds forming from different arrangements of the same original elements. The nucleus of the atom is unaffected.

In a nuclear reaction, the nucleus of the atom comes into play. The nucleus can be broken up into smaller nuclei, or a neutron can decay into a proton and an electron, changing one element into another over time. Energy is released in the form of alpha, beta, or gamma decay.

Both types of reactions must adhere to the laws of conservation of mass and energy.

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Q: What is a key difference between chemical and nuclear reactions?
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