The subsoil.
Below the topsoil is the subsoil layer. This layer typically contains less organic matter and nutrients compared to topsoil. It often consists of weathered rock, clay, and minerals that are broken down from the topsoil layer above.
Permafrost is the term used to describe a frozen layer of soil that remains below the surface layer of topsoil.
Soil begins to form in the top layer of the Earth's crust, known as the "A horizon" or topsoil layer. This layer contains a mixture of organic matter, minerals, water, and air that supports plant growth.
Topsoil.
The layer of soil below the topsoil that is less suited for crops is called subsoil. It typically has lower organic matter content, fewer nutrients, and poorer soil structure, making it less suitable for plant growth without proper management.
Topsoil
The uppermost layer of soil is called topsoil. It is the layer that contains the highest concentration of organic matter and nutrients, making it crucial for plant growth.
Below the topsoil of the tundra is the permafrost layer, which consists of permanently frozen soil, rocks, and sediments. This layer acts as a barrier to water drainage and plant root growth. Beneath the permafrost layer is the unfrozen ground, which can include roots, soil, and debris.
The layer of soil just below the topsoil is called the subsoil. It is usually less fertile than the topsoil and contains fewer organic materials, but it still plays a role in supporting plant growth by providing anchorage and allowing roots to access water and nutrients.
Another name for black topsoil is the O. layer. In the science of soild the top layer is known as the O. layer which stands for Organic.
Topsoil.
Topsoil.