What about bedrock?
The permanently frozen stratum below the Arctic tundra is called permafrost. It consists of soil, rock, or sediment that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years. Permafrost plays a crucial role in the Arctic environment by influencing hydrology, plant growth, and infrastructure stability.
Permafrost is the term used to describe a frozen layer of soil that remains below the surface layer of topsoil.
The layer of soil below the topsoil that is less suited for crops is called subsoil. It typically has lower organic matter content, fewer nutrients, and poorer soil structure, making it less suitable for plant growth without proper management.
Topsoil and subsoil are both layers of soil found in the ground. Topsoil is the uppermost layer and is rich in organic matter and nutrients, making it ideal for plant growth. Subsoil is located below the topsoil and is less fertile, with lower organic matter content. Both layers play a crucial role in supporting plant growth and maintaining soil health.
The layer of soil just below the topsoil is called the subsoil. It is usually less fertile than the topsoil and contains fewer organic materials, but it still plays a role in supporting plant growth by providing anchorage and allowing roots to access water and nutrients.
The substratum is the stratum below the stratum being discussed.
The epidermal layer. (below that is the acellular dermal layer)
The permanently frozen stratum below the Arctic tundra is called permafrost. It consists of soil, rock, or sediment that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years. Permafrost plays a crucial role in the Arctic environment by influencing hydrology, plant growth, and infrastructure stability.
Subsoil
they need sunlight...
see link below for info
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum,stratum lucidum & stratum corneum
The subsoil.
The stratum corneum is superficial to the stratum basale. The stratum basale is deep to the stratum corneum.
The epidermis has either 4 or 5 layers depending on the location of your body. Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum (only on the soles of your feet and palms of your hands) Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale
Skin contains various layers from below upwards. But needle would pierce it in REVERSE order. So 1)A layer of flat cells about to be discarded is called Stratum corneum 2)A layer of almost transparent cells(Unstained cells.) called as Stratum Lucid-um.3)A layer of cells which looks granular.(Having granules in them.) is Stratum granulosum.4)A layer of cells called as Stratum Spinosum.5) A single cell layer of prominent nucleus in them called as Stratum basale.6)Then you have thick Dermis made of connective tissue.7) Then you have layer called as Hypo dermis made of of Adipose tissue (Fatty layer.)
The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum. The cells of the stratum corneum are dead, and this layer provides a protective layer for the other parts of the epidermis.Stratum corneum is the outer most layer.The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum.The inferior layers below the stratum corneum are (from most superficial to most deep):Stratum lucidum (which is absent from hairless skin)Stratum granulosumStratum spinosumStratum basaleKeratin layer