That's called a permanent magnet.
The solennoid is an electromagnet and only becomes magnetized when the power is applied.
Add another magnet. If an electromagnet increase the windings and/or the power applied. Raise the voltage applied and you will raise the magnetic flux.
No because a circuit without power applied can only be shown to be a short circuit after the power is applied between the 'right' two points.
A magnet can lose its magnetism if exposed to high temperatures. If heated above the point called the Curie temperature, a magnet will lose its magnetism.
By rubbing two magnets together.
Electric Power
When copper is used as a wire to build a coil with a lot of whorls and a piece of iron is inserted in the hole of the coil this is called an electromagnetic device since that a voltage is applied in the coil, thus generating an electromagnetic power which is similar to that natural magnetic iron.
Electromagnets have an electric current running through them that enables there conductive power to be strengthened. However, a magnets full conductive power can never be "turned off/on".
No.If you break the magnet, it is still a useful magnet.
Some power stations do work with a wire and magnet but some others don't.
With magnets
It is a permanent magnet. Electromagnets(as the name suggests) requires an electric source to become a magnet, when the power source is turned off it will not function as a magnet.