Atomic nuclei that are unstable and decaying are said to be radioactive. Radioactive decay involves alpha, beta and gamma particle emissions.
Particles or electromagnetic radiation are emitted.
226Ra
beta, aka an electron.
It is the nucleus of the atom that undergoes change during radioactive decay.
Radioactive decay happens in an unstable isotope of a given element, as the isotope decays radiation is given off. As for when exactly, the decay of a nucleus is spontaneous and random so averages are used, these averages are different for different isotopes, but are measured as the "half life" (the time it takes for half the nucleus to decay).
Magnesium
Particles or electromagnetic radiation are emitted.
A stable nucleus is one which will not decay, whereas an unstable nucleus will decay at some point, which cannot be predicted as decay is a random process, by alpha or beta decay.
Fluorine
Decay
An unstable nucleus, which can be caused by:excess of neutronsshortage of neutronsmetastable excited state of nucleus
nucleus
An unstable nucleus (radioactive isotope) may emit: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma radiations, electrons, positrons, X-rays, and neutrons, depending on which nucleus is doing the emitting.
the unstable nucleus will decay into smaller, stable particles.
If a bromine atom underwent alpha decay, the result would be an arsenic atom with a mass number four lower than the original bromine atom. I did a little research on this, however, and it appears that there are no bromine isotopes that undergo alpha decay. I have provided a link to the interactive table of nuclides.
When a nucleus is unstable it has either too many or too few neutrons in the nucleus. This is what causes nuclear decay as the nucleus needs to have the correct ratio of neutrons to protons to be stable. It may be triggered by an outside force, such as a colliding particle, or simply by chance.
Usually called a 'decay chain', there is a series of radioactive decays which end with a stable isotope. Ex: uranium undergoes about 14 steps in the decay chain that ends with the formation of a stable isotope of Lead.