Correlation
Identify the variables: Determine the variables involved in the relationship. Establish causation: Determine if changes in one variable directly cause changes in another. Control for confounding variables: Consider and address other factors that may influence the relationship. Establish directionality: Determine the direction of cause and effect between the variables. Test causation: Conduct experiments or analyze data to test and confirm the causal relationship.
Confounding variables on a questionnaire refer to factors that may influence the relationship between the variables being studied. For example, participant demographics, question wording, or response bias could confound the results. It is important to identify and control for these variables to ensure accurate and reliable data analysis.
Correlational research cannot establish causation, only association between variables. It does not account for all potential confounding variables that could be influencing the relationship between variables. It is also susceptible to issues like selection bias and third variables impacting results.
Scientists use data from controlled experiments to minimize the influence of outside factors, in order to isolate the effect of the variables they are studying. This helps to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables and ensures the results are more reliable and accurate.
Correlation
graph is a quick picture of relationship between two variables
A scatter plot.
so you know the relationship between the 2 variables
Correlation * * * * * That is simply not true. Consider the coordinates of a circle. There is obviously a very strong relationship between the x coordinate and the y coordinate. But the correlation is not just small, but 0. The correlation between two variables is a measure of the linear relationship between them. But there can be non-linear relationships which will not necessarily be reflected by any correlation.
Some people will give the answer "correlation". But that is not correct for the following reason: Consider the coordinates of a circle. There is obviously a very strong relationship between the x coordinate and the y coordinate. The correlation between the two is not just small, but 0. The correlation between two variables is a measure of the linear relationship between them. But there can be non-linear relationships which will not necessarily be reflected by any correlation.
Qualitative Data
The explanation of data is called a theory.
Line Graph
Line graph
It suggests that there is very little evidence of a linear relationship between the variables.
if it passes through (0,0) then it is a direct variation
Economic forecasting models predominantly use time-series data, where the values of the variables change over time.