They closed the remaining banks before people could make a run on them and put them out of business.
The Banking Act of 1933 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and was signed by FDR in 1933. The FDIC was insurance, backed by the federal government, for deposits in banks. Its immediate effect on the economic situation in the 1930s was to restore public confidence on banks and stop the "run on banks" that occured after the Stock Market Crash.
1933
Over 25,568 banks failed between 1921 and 1933. Thousands of other businesses also ran into trouble
there are different banks and they are run by different people and no they do not run the world
People feared they would lose their money, so they took it out of banks they believed were about to fail.
their confrence
As the economic depression deepened in the early 30s, and as farmers had less and less money to spend in town, banks began to fail at alarming rates. During the 20s, there was an average of 70 banks failing each year nationally. After the crash during the first 10 months of 1930, 744 banks failed - 10 times as many. In all, 9,000 banks failed during the decade of the 30s. It's estimated that 4,000 banks failed during the one year of 1933 alone. By 1933, depositors saw $140 billion disappear through bank failures.
Why? because of the Great Depression.
The Act separated commercial and investment banks because evidence shows that the investments that the commercial banks made were risky. The FDIC is a result of the Glass-Steagall Act which helped regulate banks by insuring them so that runs on banks could be avoided.
As the Depression began, people were afraid that the banks would run out of money. There began a "run on the banks" to get deposits out. Some banks had made bad investments and did not have enough money to pay their depositors. Some banks were forced to close. To prevent a panic, FDR ordered all the banks closed and examined. Only those financially sound would be permitted to reopen. This prevented fear about deposits in banks and gave the people confidence in the banks that were permitted to reopen.
It's called reverse bank run when the money is going in reverse direction. It is an unique situation.