You don't say which operation you wish to perform, however a stack has relatively few members:
construct: e.g. default and copy (C++11 includes move construct)
operator=: copy assignment (C++11 includes move assignment)
empty: test whether the stack is empty or not
pop: extract the top element from the stack
push: insert an element on top of the stack
size: return the size of the stack, count of elements
top (return the top element)
Additional members since C++11:
emplace: construct and push a new element from argument
swap: exchange elements with another stack
Non-member operator overloads are limited to the standard relational operators (e.g. ==, !=, <, <=, > and >=).
Stacks are typically used in backtracking algorithms because the last element pushed becomes the top element and is therefore the first element to be popped. Usually referred to as a LIFO (last in first out) sequence.
An example usage of a stack:
#include<iostream>
#include<stack>
#include<string>
#include<cassert>
int main ()
{
std::stack<std::string> mystack;
assert (mystack.empty());
mystack.push ("First element");
mystack.push ("Second element");
assert (mystack.size()==2);
std::cout << "mystack contains:\n";
while (!mystack.empty())
{
std::cout << mystack.top() << '\n';
mystack.pop();
}
}
Stack has various applications one the most common uses is to reverse the order of the data, as we just saw this is what stack is known for, it is also used for backtracking in computer games and various other applications. Converting an infix expression to a postfix expression and evaluating a post fix expressions are two common tasks easily accomplished by stack.
There are no advantages of stacks in data structures per se. Data structures and data container types must be chosen to mee the requirements and constrains of the algorithm which uses them.
Characteristic for a stack is that it supports only a last-in-first-out operation with constant insertion and removal time. One item A can be added, then one item B can be added, but A cannot be removed before B is removed. A stack data structure can be compared with a stack of plates, where plates can only be added to and removed from the top of the stack.
In standard C++, many implementations of a stack are based on implementations of the vector container supplied with the standard template library, which supports push and pop operations in the manner described above.
Many tools also support degenerated stacks. A degenerated, or enhanced, stack might support push and pop operations from both ends, or support a notion of priority among stacked items.
A collection of items, only you can only Pop + Push the stack. Due to the way the stack works, the first item you add to the stack will be the last item off of the stack.
When you "Push" an item onto a stack, you place it at the top. When you "Pop" an item off of the stack, you take it off and can use that item's value. You can also "Peek" into the stack (i'm not sure if you can do this in C though) to see what's on top.
You can't get any items below the first one without taking the first one off first.
Example stack:
If I wanted to use Item 1, I could use Peek. If I wanted to get to item 2, I would have to remove Item 1 first.
Stacks are used for quite a few things but often you won't need them as arrays are more appropriate for that situation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28data_structure%29
There is no need to implement a stack. The std::vector container class already provides push and pop methods. If the elements are different classes, simply derive those elements from a common base class.
Stacks are useful when you need a last in, first out list (LIFO list). Stacks can be likened to a stack of plates. The last plate added to the stack is the first to be used. Its opposing structure, the first in, first out list (FIFO list) can be likened to a queue of people waiting to be served. The first person in the queue is the first to be served.
The call stack is a key structure in C++. We use it without realising it, but it's there all the same. Every time we make a function call, we "push" the return address of the instruction following the function call onto the stack. Control is then passed to the function and, when it finishes executing, the return address is "popped" off the stack and control returned to that address.
Since a function call pushes the return address onto the stack, but does not pop it off until it has completed execution, functions that call themselves recursively can end up consuming the limited space available (followed by an out of memory error). In extreme cases of recursion, the only options are to increase the stack space (memory permitting), or to alter the function to an iterative implementation rather than a deeply recursive one.
Call stacks are also used to pass parameters to functions (by moving the top of the stack to accommodate them), as well as for storage of local variables, the evaluation stack, the thispointer in objects, amongst others. Some values may be placed in registers, but there are few registers to play with, so the call stack provides additional storage when required.
A stack is a container object, similar to a queue except that where a queue has a first in, first out data structure, a stack has a last in, first out data structure. Stacks are typically used in backtracking algorithms as they allow us to retrace our steps. The function call mechanism depends on a stack; no matter how deeply nested a function call is, we can always find our way back to the function's caller.
Stacks are predominantly used in backtracking algorithms. They allow us to retrace our steps in the reverse order we performed those steps.
It would be easier to manipulate the stack in assembly language rather than C++.
Stack is an abstract data type that allows you to input and output data in a way that the first data which was placed in the stack will be the last one to get out. We use physical examples of stack in our daily lives such as the stack of dishes or stack of coins where you only add or remove objects from the top of the stack. You can see the implementation in c++ in related links, below.
#include<iostream> #include<stack> #include<cassert> int main () { std::stack<unsigned> s; assert (s.empty()==true); s.push (42); assert (s.empty()==false); s.pop (); assert (s.empty()==true); }
Two little problems: 1. stack doesn't have a flow-chart 2. there are no flow-charts in a C program
what ever you assume
It would be easier to manipulate the stack in assembly language rather than C++.
Use a vector with a base class type. Any objects derived from the base class can be pushed and popped from the vector just as you would from a stack.
Stack is an abstract data type that allows you to input and output data in a way that the first data which was placed in the stack will be the last one to get out. We use physical examples of stack in our daily lives such as the stack of dishes or stack of coins where you only add or remove objects from the top of the stack. You can see the implementation in c++ in related links, below.
"Pop" allows you to remove items off of the stack. The stack is an area in memory that contains the information of a program, such as function names and instructions, the values of variables, etc. The opposite of pop is "push". This allows you to add items to the stack.
#include<iostream> #include<stack> #include<cassert> int main () { std::stack<unsigned> s; assert (s.empty()==true); s.push (42); assert (s.empty()==false); s.pop (); assert (s.empty()==true); }
The stack is a region of memory organized as a first-in-last-out (LIFO) structure which stores return information, parameters, and local variables. Since it is a LIFO structure, it is nested, i.e. "stacked", similar to how a stack of papers on your desk would be stacked, and if you could only deal with the top-most paper on the stack. At the language level, C, C++, JAVA, etc., you generally do not even think about the implementation of the stack - it is just there - and it does what it needs in terms of return state, registers, parameters, and automatic or temporary variables.
void push(int y) { if(top>stackSize) { cout<<"stack full"<<endl; return; } else { top++; stack[top]=y; } } int pop() { int a; if(top<=0) { cout<<"stack is empty"<<endl; return 0; } else { a=stack[top]; top--; } return(a); }
Yes, it is possible to purchase, or 'stack', additional time to your Plus membership
What do you mean by stack-refreshing? Anyway, there are no stack handling functions in the standard C library.
There is no such exception in C++. It's probably a 3rd party or user-defined exception. Examine the call-stack to determine where the exception was caught -- that should help you determine where the exception was thrown.
On the stack.
int top=-1; int stack[10];