It depends on what you are making, but a dry sherry such as an Amontillado is pretty close (add a drop or two of Angostura bitters and it is even closer).
maderia or any other clear sweet wine , but if its a drink, maybe not.
No
One ounce of sweet vermouth contains approximately 45 calories.
sweet
Sweet vermouth (the other kind, dry vermouth, goes into regular gin and vodka martinis).
NOTHING! Vermouth is one of the most unique and astringent drinks around. There's nothing like it.
Punt e Mes
Use a sherry of the same sweetness as the Madeira in the recipe. Use port or Marsala as a substitute for a sweet Madeira. All of the above will be quite close to the original flavor. If absolutely desperate you could try dry/sweet vermouth but the taste will be more than a little different.
Vermouth is used in many cocktails, but it is also very good served on ice with a lemon or orange slice. Try it half and half with freshly squeezed orange juice.
there are 2 different types of vermouth, sweet and dry. you can substitute dry vermouth for - White grape juice, white wine vinegar, or non-alcoholic white wine. you can substitute sweet vermouth for - Apple juice, grape juice, balsamic vinegar, non-alcoholic sweet wine, or water with lemon juice.
A "perfect martini" has equal parts dry to sweet vermouth.
Yes, because sweet vermouth has a noticeable % of sugar.
A Manhattan is a cocktail made with whiskey, sweet vermouth, and bitters.