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The capital asset pricing model (CAP-M) assigns a risk (called a beta) to every investment using a regression (best fitting line through past data) that tries to match the performance of the investment to the performance of the Stock Market as a whole. The slope of that line (the beta) shows the extent to which any one investment magnifies or reduces normal market risk -- a beta of 1.0 is average, while a beta of 2.0 means the investment will generally go up (or down) twice as much as the market as a whole. In a perfect capital market, all investments will have an intercept (the alpha of the best-fitting line) of zero, because that is the portion of the investment return for which risk can be eliminated through diversification. If an investment has a non-zero alpha (the best-fitting line is not through zero) there are unusual returns (profits or losses) that are not tied to the riskiness of the investment -- that is, a positive alpha means the investment has returned more profit than would be expected for its riskiness (beta). Some investors choose to invest in those choices with positive alphas in hopes of beating the overall market.

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