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An Axumite is another name for an Aksumite, a native or inhabitant of the ancient Kingdom of Aksum.
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King of aksum who converted his kingdom to christianity?
King Ezana converted the Axumite Empire into Christianity.
Who is king ezana?
King Ezana was the king of the Axum Empire from 330-356 A.D. He was the first axumite ruler to convert to Christianity and conquered the kingdom of Nubia in about 350 A.D.
Who was an early christian emperor in Ethiopia?
In the first century AD Eritrea and much of Ethiopia were the kingdom of Axum. Christianity was introduced by Saint Frumentius, a Syro-Phoenician Greek from Tyre. He was asked by kingOusanas to educate his son Ezana. Ezana converted to Christianity. Another Axumite king, Kaleb, was asked by the Roman Emperor Justin I to intervene in Yemen, where a Jewish king, Dhu Nuwas, was slaughtering Christians there. Kaleb invaded Yemen, which came under the Axumite kingdom.
What factors led to the rise of the axumite state?
The main factors that led to the fall of the Aksum in the seventh century were climate change and the obstruction of international trade routes around the Red Sea brought on by the growing supremacy of the Muslims in Ethiopia.
Where did Christianity spread to by AD 400?
By the year 400, Christianity was the state religion of the Roman Empire, which spread from Britain across Europe to much of the Near East and North Africa. In theory, all citizens could be expected to be Christians, and those who remained faithful to their ancient beliefs were subject to persecution. In practice, Christianity was still concentrated in the eastern part of the empire, with the distant provinces still strongly influenced by paganism. The ruling classes of Britain were Christian, but much of the population continued to practise Druidism.
Why did Ethiopia and Eritrea have a war?
It is a set up by the two governments of the countries. A design to develop hatred between the two people who have blood relationship since or even before Axumite period. It seems a design to completely separate Eritrea from Ethiopia. In other words to make the two people not to think about their unification like south and north Korea.Both Dergi previous military government and EPRDF are facilitating the separation of Eritrea from Ethiopia by creating a war. Actually the current Eritrean government who is appreciating the process as it support his target and goal is the active roll player of the setup.but anyway the war was won by Eritrea and then they finally split the point is Eritrea and Ethiopia are just the same thing 100% blood relative!Ill Summarize that. Cause they wanted Independence like any other country.The war was started by Eritrea when it invaded sovereign Ethiopian towns of Badme and Zalambesa using three divisions of military and 13 tanks under two general surprising the unsuspected Ethiopians.
Who did Ethiopian learn christian traditions from?
The Ethiopian did not learn any traditions that are recorded in the Bible. What He did learn was who Jesus was based on Isaiah's prophecies as explained to him by Philip.In the book of Acts we read about Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch , so it was Philip.
Which religion influenced the Middle Eastern culture?
Religions of Middle Eastern antiquity that have not survived to modern times, special attention is given in the introduction to their role as antecedents of the major Western religions (i.e., Judaism, Christianity, and Islām), all of which originated in the region.
Was pharaoh a black man?
This is a difficult question to answer because of the controversial nature of the subject of race. Biological definitions of race and social definitions of race are often not consistent. Also unfortunately there has been a history of racist ideas in Western academia that were often fixated on separating Egypt culturally and biologically from the rest of the African continent. However mainstream, modern scholarship has advanced to the point where there are academically honest experts who can give us some answers. It has been suggested by at least one prominent Biological Anthropologist that in terms of skin color the typical modern Upper Egyptian to Nubian color would have been the model in most of the country (see the research of Shomarka Keita on Ancient Egyptian biological affinities). That would imply a range in skin color on average from medium to dark brown. A recent study which performed a histological analysis of the skin on Ancient Egyptian noble mummies from Upper Egypt found it to be, "packed with melanin as expected for specimens of Negroid origin" (see Mekota and Vermehren 2004). Skeletal remains of the Ancient Egyptians have been studied for many years. Their limb proportions have been determined to be tropical suggesting that the ancestors of the Ancient Egyptians migrated from the tropics upon settling the Nile Valley (see Zakrzewski 2004). Predynastic Egyptian crania at the time of state formation cluster with Northeastern Nilotic, Northwestern Saharan and tropical East Africans (see Keita 1993). There seems to have been a change in craniometric patterns in later periods as Late Dynastic Northern Egyptians have centroid values between African and European series. DNA analysis of 12th Dynasty mummies reveal that they have multiple lines of descent including from Sub-Saharan Africa (see Paabo and Di Rienzo 1993). The other lineages were not identified. Archeological and Linguistic research indicates that the Ancient Egyptians were indigenous to the continent of Africa (see Hassan 1988 and Ehret 1996). Art objects are not considered to be useful by Biological Anthropologists because they are suspect as data and interpretations are highly dependent on stereotyped thinking but some scholars have noted that much of the Dynastic statuary have variations on the narrow nosed, narrow faced East African facial morphology. By taking a multidisciplinary approach several modern scholars have come to the conclusion that the Ancient Egyptians were an indigenous Northeast African people who were tropically adapted and shared biological affinities with their more Southerly African neighbors. This is in reference to the early Ancient Egyptians as over time Egypt gradually absorbed foreigners from the Near East and Europe which became a recurring phenomenon after the series of invasions following the New Kingdom period. Immigration was especially significant during the Greco-Roman and Islamic periods of Egyptian history. So Ancient Egypt was indeed an indigenous African civilization and its people looked like modern Northeast Africans like those in modern Upper Egypt, Northern Sudan and the Horn of Africa. If you consider your average Upper Egyptian, Nubian, Eritrean or Somali to be Black then yes by your definition they were Black. But bare in mind that native Africans have a range of physical characteristics. They don't all have one particular phenotype. There was variation within the Nile Valley during the Dynastic period as there is in Northeast Africa today.
What product led to king ezana decision to invade kush?
Kush began north of the first cataract on the Nile River.It extended beyond the sixth cataract to present day Khartoum.Called Kush (Nubia, Nuba, or Aethiopia) it became a rich and powerful nation.Early culture centered around a settlement at Kerma.Kerma was a trading center established as an Egyptian trading post.It was staffed with with Egyptian administrators, soldiers, and artisans,It was also the residence of the Nubian chief and the center of Nubian government.Around 2000 BC, nomadic cattle herders existed in the Sudan.From 800 BC - 350 AD, Kush was a center of culture and military might in Africa.Kush was also a land of natural wealth.They had gold mines, ivory, incense, and iron ore.Unlike Egypt, in Kush, they were not dependent upon the flooding of the Nile.They had good soil to grow crops and long growing seasons.They enjoyed rainfall all year long.The Golden Age of Kush was 800 BC to 350 AD.HistoryEgypt conquered Kush during the New Kingdom.1160 BC, Egypt's power declined.Kush won back their independence.In 900 BC, a Nubian monarchy began to emerge with its capital at Napata.By 770 BC, the Kingdom of Kush had extended its borders north to the boundaries of the Upper Nile.750 BC, Kushite King Kashta sets out to conquer Egypt.He took some territory from Egypt.From 750 to 730 BC, Kush pushed northward and captured Egypt from Libyan control.They moved their capital to Thebes.Kashta's son, Piankhi, conquered and ruled Egypt for 70 years.This formed the 25th pharaonic dyansty in the eighth century.666 BC, Assyrians drive Kushites to the south.Kushites learned to smelt iron from the Assyrians.They made iron weapons.Kush became a great trading nation.In 591 BC, Egypt invaded Kush.Napata was captured.Around 540 BC, the Kushite king transferred the capital to Meroe, near the sixth cataract.Kush Adopts from EgyptKush learned to worship the god Amon-Re.The learned to work iron and bronze.They changed Egyptian hieroglyphics to fit their own language.PeopleThe common people lived in farming villages.They were able to grow large amounts of grain using iron hoes.HousesSandstone palaces and houses of red brick filled the city.Walls of buildings were tiled in yellow and blue or covered with paintings.ReligionIn Meroe there was a huge temple dedicated to Amon-Re.Small pyramids were modeled after Egyptian pyramidsThey were in the Royal Cemetery.They mummified their dead, so they believed in an after-life.During the years 1570-110 BC, the Kushite elite adopted Egyptian gods.They built temples like that dedicated to the sun god Amon at Napata, near present-day Kuraymah.The temples remained centers of official religious worship until the coming of Christianity to the region in the sixth century.ArtArchaeologists have found ceramic figurines, bowls and funerary objects.Some were dated to at least 8000 BC.In an excavated temple, an interior wall was found with Egyptian pictures.The pictures included Nile fishing boats, bullfights and an enormous crocodile.Another wall was covered with rows of giraffes and hippopotamusesm.Language1570 - 1100 BC, the Coptic language, spoken in Egypt, became widely used in everyday activities.MetalworkingKushites learned to work copper and bronze.They also learned the secret of iron-smelting from the Assyrians..There were iron ore deposits near Meroe.They also had plenty of trees to fuel the smelting furnaces.Blacksmiths were putting out iron hoes, knives and spears.TradeKush exported iron products of iron hoes, knives and spears.They exported raw materials frankincense, hides, and carnelian.Carnelian is a stone used for jewelry and for arrowheads.They sent caravans of camels loaded with trade goods into Egypt carrying gold, ivory, and ebony.Kush imported cotton textiles and goods from India, Arabia, and China.Kush was an active trading center for 600 years, and then it began to decline.Supply and DemandAs the demand for iron grew, Kush ran into a problem.To make iron, they needed to wood to burn.They had wood, lots of wood.But they burned so much wood in the process of making iron, and they quickly used up supplies.The forests could not keep up.Trees did not grow fast enough to replace those than had been chopped down for firewood.This led to deforestation.The land began to lose its fertility.Without as much wood to burn, Kush could not produce as much iron as they had in the pas.Traders began to look elsewhere for iron.As trade dwindled, the country began to weaken.MeroëBecoming the capital of the Kushite Empire between 590 BC until AD 350.There are 84 pyramids in the city.May of the pyramids are built with their own miniature temple.There are ruins of a bath house sharing affinities with those of the Romans.Its central feature is a large pool approached by a flight of steps with waterspouts decorated with lion heads.CamelsIslamic traders were the first to use camels.They transported goods across the desert using the Trans-Sahara Trade Route.Camels can carry heavy loads.They can keep their footing in sliding sand.They can go a long time without water.On flat ground, they can run very fast.Camels soon were nicknamed the "Ships of the Desert".Decline of KushWith the rise of Axum, trade routes shifted.Kushite commercial interests faded.Decline was further complicated with less agricultural production.This caused the gradual migration of the population from the area.Border skirmishes with tribal factions and internal struggles also added to the decline.With Rome trading with Axum the Kushite Kingdom became more and more isolated.In 298 AD, Rome finally evacuated the northern borders of Kush.Kush seems to have attacked Axum.Axum retaliated and attacked Kush.In 350 AD, Axum occupied Meroe, and brought about the total collapse of Kush as a civilization.Kush and Aksum History Time Line3000 BCEgyptian writings record attack on Ta-Seti "Land of the Bows." 2000 BC First African kingdom, the kingdom of Kush.First capital of Kush at Kerma south of the Third Cataract Kerma served as the major trading center for goods travelling north from the southern regions of Africa. 1720 BC Asian nomads called Hyksos invaded Egypt.Ending the Middle KingdomSevered links with Cush.Destroyed the forts along the Nile River 1700 - 1500 BCKush attained its greatest power and cultural energy.1570-1100 BC Pharaoh Ahmose I incorporated Kush as an Egyptian province. Governed by a viceroy.Egyptians officials and priests,military personnel, merchants, and artisans settled in Kush. 1550 BC Kings at Kerma were ruling Nubia. 1500 BCEgyptians, feeling threatened, invaded Kush and conquered it.1460-1200 BC Egyptians construct temples at Jebel Barkal. 1160 BC Egypt's power declined. Kushites win back independence. 1000 BC Kush again arose as a major power by conquering all of Nubia. 1000 BC Kushites moved their capital city farther up the Nile to Napata. 800's BC Napatan kings formed the twenty-fifth pharaonic dyansty in Egypt. One king, Taharqo, was a great builder. 750 BCKushite king called (Kashta or King Piye or Piankhi) conquered Upper Egypt.747 BC City of Thebes in southern Egypt was threatened by northerners, and the Egyptians called upon the Nubian king for protection. 740 BC (Kashta or King Piye or Piankhi) ruler of Thebes 663 BC Invasion of Assyrian armies. The Nubian king fled south to his capital at Napata. 650 BC Taharqo, the last Kushite pharaoh, and his successor, Tanutamani, were defeated and expelled from Egypt by. 600 BC Assyrians invade Egypt.Armed with iron weapons Kushites are driven back south.Kushites learned to make iron. 591 BC Napata, the Kush capital was conquered by Egyptians. 540 BC Kushites move capital to Meroe.The inhabitants worship Zeus and Dionysus alone of the Gods. 200 BC Capital had shifted yet farther south to Meroe 23 BC Roman army moved south and razed Napata. 250 AD The culture of Nubia changed radically, perhaps due to the immigration of new peoples into the Nile Valley. 328 AD Axum became a Christian kingdom under King Ezana. 350 A.D. Kingdom of Kush was burned to the ground by the neighboring kingdom of Axum (Aksum).AKSUMAskum (Axum) was located in what is today the country of Ethiopia.HistoryAround 500 BC, The Axum (Aksum) people developed.Kush speaking people in Ethiopia migrated from the Sahara.Semitic speaking people from southern Arabia (the Sabaeans) settled in the area.They intermingled into one culture.By the 1st AD, the principal city was Axum,The port city of Adulis became a major trading port.Adulis attracted Greek and Jewish traders and merchants.In the second century A.D., Axum acquired tribute states on the Arabian Peninsula across the Red Sea.They overtook northern Ethiopia.They then finally conquered Kush.The conquest and destruction of the Kushite Empire gave Axum control of the trade routes.They also controlled one of the most fertile regions in the world.LanguageThe written language of Aksum was called Ge'ez, a form of Greek.GovernmentThey had a single king (the "Negus"), who ruled over princes who paid him tribute.Kings100 AD Zoskales270 AD Enduis Coinage begins320 AD Ezana400 AD Eon500 AD Kaleb600 Gersem614 AD Armah705-715 AD al-WalidTradeAxum was a strong trading kingdom.Axum's location allowed the people to gain wealth from trade.Goods were passed between Europe, Arabia, Asia, and eastern Africa.ExportsIvoryTortoiseshellEmeraldsGold mined from the earthImportsSilkSpicesMoney270 AD, Aksumites first began producing coins under King Endubis.Aksumite coins were issued in gold, silver, and bronze.The first Aksumite coins used had writing in Greek.ReligionThe original Axumite religion was a polytheistic religion.They believed in gods that controlled the natural world.In 328 AD, Axum became a Christian kingdom under King Ezana.Not many of the people accepted Christianity at first.But Christianity gradually supplanted the old religion.OccupationsFarmer, merchant, builders, architect, monksFarmingFarmers used irrigation to bring water to their fields.Farmers built level areas on hills called terraces which helped hold water.BuildingsArchaeologists have found monuments, palaces, thrones, and stone pillars that were built by the Askum people.FrumentiusLegend has it that a foreign boy named Frumentius was attacked and made a slave of the royal court.Frumentius was well liked by the royal family and became a tutor to the royal children.When the king died the queen asked Frumentius to help rule Axum.He had been promised his freedom, but instead remained until the queen's son, Ezana, was old enough to rule.Frumentius established a number of Christian churches.When Ezana became king he made Christianity the official religion of Axum.Decline of AksumAxum remained a strong empire and trading power until the rise of Islam in the seventh century AD.As Islam spread, the trade routes changed and commercially isolated Axum.The fall of Rome spelled out a fall for Axum as well.Axum could not maintain the trade routes that Rome had so long maintained.Long-term cutting down of trees and over-exploitation of the soil caused deterioration of the environment.By the end of the seventh century, Axum as a power had ended giving rise to the modern Ethiopian people.Comparison of Kush and AksumKush Aksum (Akum)OlderYounger Inland On the coast Many Gods Christian Rich in Natural Resources Rich in Natural Resources Developed writing and Language Were Traders BibliographyDonn, Don. "Mr Donn's Ancient History Web Site." 14 October 2007 10 Nov. 2007.Freeman, Joel A. "Ancient Nubia." Freeman Institute. 24 Nov. 2007.Greenblatt, M. and Lemmo, P.S.; "Human Heritage." Glencoe McGraw-Hill, New York, New York 2001."Who Are the Nubians?" 15 Oct. 2007 11 Nov 2007.Wysinger. "Ancient Ethipoian City of Askum." 6 Dec. 2007
