The main advantage to having nuclear powered submarines is that a nuclear powered submarine can, if designed wisely, stay submerged for months on end. The only limitation really is food and the crew's psychological state.
This is extremely useful in nuclear deterrance considering that a nation can send out nuclear powered, nuclear weapon equipped submarines on patrol for use in case of a nuclear exchange. If an attacking nation destroys the missiles silos of it's target and it's nuclear armed bomber wings, the defending nation would still have the use of it's nuclear weapons onboard it's ballistic missile submarines.
USA has the most nuclear submarines
When Someone Wants A Nuclear War , You Are Defended
Argentina had diesel-electric submarines while the British had nuclear-powered submarines.
A number of nuclear submarines sank, and the circumstances vary from accident to accident. Wikipedia has a list, and by going there and entering "List of sunken nuclear submarines" you can review that list.
Nuclear submarines are powered by a nuclear reactor and they are completely independent of air, so there is no need to surface frequently.
The US, Russia, Great Britain, France, China and (recently) India have nuclear submarines.
Yes, nuclear submarines generate nuclear power. There is a nuclear reactor on board (hence the tern nuclear submarine) which creates steam to drive the main engines to turn the screw(s).
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Nuclear Energy
The PLA navy has more than 225,000 personnel and is thought to have as many as 70 submarines, 10 of them nuclear-powered
Plutonium can be used in nuclear reactors for nuclear propulsion of ships and submarines.
No - all submarines, be it nuclear or diesel-electric, use diesel fuel, either for primary engines (DE) or backup generator (nuclear).