kaddish
There are many. Kaddish is a well-known example.
Kaddish is an ancient prayer sequence regularly recited in the synagogue service.
Shema Sh'ma Yis'ra'eil Adonai Eloheinu Adonai echad.Hear, Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One.
Which one? There are lots of them. The Amidah (the standing prayer) is the central prayer of every Jewish service. It is clearly ancient. The various Kaddishes that punctuate organized Jewish worship, serving as doxologies, are ancient. The Shema (Hear oh Israel ...) is even more ancient, as is the Baruch Shem Kavod (Praise the Holy Name) response to the Shema. Another candidate is the Priestly Benediction (May the Lord bless you and keep you ...).
A Jewish prayer book is called a 'siddur'.
The prayer is called 'the mourner's kaddish'.
Creed
There is no audience. Just as there is no audience at any eucharistic celebration or liturgy. All who are present are called to prayer. The dance movement is a form of prayer.
Tzitzit.
There's no such thing as Jewish prayer beads. Prayer beads are used by Hindus, some Christians, Buddhists, Muslims, Sikhs and Bahai.
It's called a siddur.
It's called a mezuzah.