Orthogonality is to do with a right angle, what has orthogonality got to do with general computer programming?
I fear this is another badly asked question by someone engaged in homework avoidance and that the quality of the question indicates the success of previous
homework avoidance.
In computer programming, orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data structures of the language. The term is most-frequently used regarding assembly instruction sets, as orthogonal instruction set.
C, C++, Java, C-Sharp
example output of c++ calculator
/* example#1 */ #if 0 example #2 using preprecessor #endif // example#3 -- but only in C++
LIPS a functional language is one in which computations are made primarily by applying function to given program
ali asghari: I would say that the lack of bounds checking in array access would qualify. Bounds checking incurs a lot of overhead which is not needed in a properly written program. C is designed with the idea that one has to trust the programmer. If the programmer thinks that a bounds check is needed he must explicitly program it everywhere he accesses the array. This is one of the advantages of C++ objects where a single bounds check can be made in the array access methods as well as allowing for non-bounds-checked access.
The design of C language may be examined from the perspective of orthogonality. C language is somewhat inconsistent in its treatment of concepts and language structure, making it difficult for the user to learn (and use) the language. Examples of exceptions follow:Structures (but not arrays) may be returned from a function.An array can be returned if it is inside a structure.A member of a structure can be any data type (except void), or the structure of the same type.An array element can be any data type (except void).Everything is passed by value (except arrays).Void can be used as a type in a structure, but a variable of this type cannot be declared in a function.DisadvantagesToo much orthogonality is also troublesome. This concept may be examined in C language:All statements (including assignment, if and while) return some value, and can be used in expressions.Logic and arithmetic expressions can be intermixed.This can cause side effects and cryptic code.Since languages need large number of components, too much orthogonality can cause problems. From a language designer's point of view, the most difficult task (and an important one) is to strike a balance.(wiki - by Buddhila Ashen Pitigala)
Means non correlation
caused by a lack of a nutrient in the diet
cousine transform orthogonality is good
Lack of vitamin C is Scurvy.
In OFDM, sub-carrier spacing is maintained in such a way that the maximum of one sub-carrier occurs at the minimum of the successive sub-carrier, a loss of orthogonality results if this pattern is not achieved in the sub-carriers of OFDM transmission. Loss of orthogonality is due to ISI, ICS, Frequency offset amongst the sub-carriers of OFDM.
Scurvy. Vitamin C is in fruit, and a lack of fruity-foods will lead to Scurvy.
the transpose of null space of A is equal to orthogonal complement of A
A deficiency is a lack or shortage, therefore deficiency diseases are caused by a lack or shortage of necessary nutrients in the body. One example is scurvy, a disease associated with pirates that occurs when an individual suffers from a vitamin C deficiency.
scrvy
scurvy