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Interior lines of communication means that the force is supported directly from its supply and reinforcement base. Wellington in Portugal behind the Lines of Torres Vedras had interior lines. The French attacking from Spain had exterior lines from France. The German army in WW2 had interior lines, the British and Americans had exterior lines after the Normandy invasion.

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One of earliest ancient battles that made use of the tactic known as interior lines was in 207 BC at the Battle of Metaurus. There, Carthaginian armies under the command of Hannibal's brother, Hasdrubal, had reached the Metaurus River. He had marched from Spain to reinforce his brother, Hannibal, whose army was stationed neat Cannae. Hasdrubal's messengers to his brother to inform him that he was there to reinforce him were captured by the Romans. The ancient Roman consul, Nero, found himself positioned in between both armies of Carthage. He was able to thus use his position to bring a concentration of troops against either brother. He chose to march north and keep only reserves to watch Hannibal. With his concentration complete, with the help of interior lines, he forced Hasdrubal back against the Metaurus River. Consul Nero was able to bring almost 50,000 troops against Hasdrubal's 30,000. It was a convincing victory and Hasdrubal was killed in the battle.

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Q: What is an example of the military tactic called interior lines in ancient wars?
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