influenza A viruses can trade genetic materials with the viruses of other species. Two different strains trade or merge material, a process known as an antigenic shift.
Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called happens. The unique area that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant.
The Phase Variation is the reversible ability of some bacteria to turn an and off the expression of genes coding for the surface antigens . While the Antigenic Variation is the modification of the gene for an expressed surface antigen by genetic recombination with one of many variable unexpressed DNA sequences. In this manner , the expressed surface antigen can assume many different antigenic structures
Benign tumors are consistent , unchanging. Whereas, malignant are quite inconsistent. They change often times in color and form.
Shift to The left means increase in the immature white blood cells.
Structural Staining allows you to check for certain structures on bacteria. This is important because certain structures on a bacteria can be antigenic or act as an endotoxin. An example of this is flagella can often cause an immune response, even if the cell is already dead.
antigenic shift
influenza A viruses can trade genetic materials with the viruses of other species. Two different strains trade or merge material, a process known as an antigenic shift.
a segmented genome
RNA genome of influenza virus is segmented in to 7 pieces. It has the unique property of undergoing two types of genetic variation ie antigenic drift and antigenic shift. In antigenic drift the antigenic variations are minor where genetic recombination take place between strains of two similar species whereas in antigenic shift the recombination take place between strains of dissimilar species leading to major antigenic variations and hence seasonal epidemics.
Both are mutation occurs in virus (usually influenza). But the difference is: antigenic drift are mutation occurs in viral DNA/RNA that cause a person to be re-infected by the virus. while antigenic shift are mutation occurs in viral characteristic, which cause transition from being able to infect poultry ONLY (not human), --> able to infect BOTH poultry and human.
Words " Antigenic Determinant " itself yells that it is on antigen
antigenic shift. That shift produces a new subtype that is different from the two parent viruses. When the new subtype contains genes from the human virus,a pandemic resulted because there was no immunity to the virus and no vaccine to protect against it.
No, they are pure antibody preparations specific for a single antigenic determinant.
antigenic when bound to proteins
An antigenic variation is the mechanism by which an infectious organism changes its surface proteins in favour of circumventing a host immune response.
An antigenic variation is the mechanism by which an infectious organism changes its surface proteins in favour of circumventing a host immune response.
Antigens with only one antigenic site are called Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)