Omg so sorry just a joke lol
The four key Spanish institutions in colonial South America were the Viceroyalties, Audiencias, Cabildos, and the Catholic Church. The Viceroyalties, such as New Granada and Peru, served as the highest administrative divisions, overseeing large regions. Audiencias functioned as high courts and advisory councils, ensuring legal and administrative oversight. Cabildos acted as local government councils, managing municipal affairs, while the Catholic Church played a crucial role in governance, education, and cultural assimilation.
New Spain was governed as a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire, primarily through a viceroyalty system. The Viceroy, appointed by the Spanish crown, served as the highest authority, overseeing administration, justice, and military affairs. Local governance involved a complex bureaucracy, including councils and audiencias that handled regional matters. Additionally, the Catholic Church played a significant role in governance, influencing both social and political life.
During the Latin American colonial period, Spanish rule was characterized by a centralized and hierarchical system of governance, with the Spanish crown exerting control through viceroyalties and audiencias. The Spanish implemented the encomienda system, which granted colonists the right to extract labor and tribute from Indigenous populations. Catholicism was deeply integrated into colonial life, with missionaries playing a key role in the conversion of Indigenous peoples. This rule often led to social stratification, economic exploitation, and resistance movements among the colonized populations.
The King presided in Madrid over an appointed Council of the Indies which drew up policy to be implemented through the regional Viceroys (initially two, later four) in Spanish America. Below them were provincial courts or audiencias with legislative powers. The system's domination by appointees from Spain becane a cause for complaint among Spanish settlers in the New World, contributing to the revolutions of the 1810s.
The Spanish Colonial government structure was hierarchical. At the head was the reigning monarch, below him two branches: The Audiencias and the Viceroyalties who handled administrative matters. Due to conflicts, the Audiencies were eventually made subject to Vice-royal authority. A third arm, the Corregimeiientos were also subjects of the Viceroyals. Below the Corr. were more local regional matters run by Cabilos considered "ecomenderos" whose local power and financial standing earned them their place in the hierarchy. In 1542 laws were put in place to remove some of the privileges of the ecomenderos. Below them, at the local level were the Corregidores who handled matters pertaining to the native population. So, if you wanted something done at a certain level you'd have to work your way up that complicated chain. in a way similar to going through a town council, mayor, senator, etc
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King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile set up the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 with the approval of Pope Sixtus IV. In contrast to the previous inquisitions, it operated completely under royal authority, though staffed by secular clergy and orders, and independently of the Holy See. It operated in Spain and in all Spanish colonies and territories, which included the Canary Islands, the Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, and all Spanish possessions in North, Central, and South America. It targeted primarily converts from Judaism (Conversos and Marranos) and from Islam (Moriscos or secret Moors) - both groups still resided in Spain after the end of the Islamic control of Spain - who came under suspicion of either continuing to adhere to their old religion or of having fallen back into it. Somewhat later the Spanish Inquisition took an interest in Protestants of virtually any sect, notably in the Spanish Netherlands. In the Spanish possessions of the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples in southern Italy, which formed part of the Spanish Crown's hereditary possessions, it also targeted Greek Orthodox Christians. The Spanish Inquisition, tied to the authority of the Spanish Crown, also examined political cases. In the Americas, King Philip II set up two tribunals (each formally titled Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), one in Peru and the other in Mexico. The Mexican office administered the Audiencias of Guatemala (Guatemala, Chiapas, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica), Nueva Galicia (northern and western Mexico), Mexico (central and southeastern Mexico), and the Philippines. The Peruvian Inquisition, based in Lima, administered all the Spanish territories in South America and Panama. From 1610 a new Inquisition seat established in Cartagena (Colombia) administered much of the Spanish Caribbean in addition to Panama and northern South America. The Inquisition continued to function in North America until the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821). In South America Simón Bolívar abolished the Inquisition; in Spain itself the institution survived until 1834.