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What is call and put in stock market?

Updated: 9/19/2023
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12y ago

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There are call and put options and call and put futures contracts. They work the same, except that with an option contract you can allow the contract to expire worthless, while a futures contract has to either be closed out or settled. Let's use options terms.

A call option gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy stock at a certain price on or before a certain date. A put option gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to sell stock at a certain price on or before a certain date.

You buy a call if you think the price of the stock is going up. Calls become worth exercising (or "in the money") when the stock is more expensive than the "strike price" on the contract. So...if you have a call whose strike price is $20, and the stock goes to $23, you exercise the contract, buy for $20 per share and sell at $23. You had to pay a "premium" to buy the option, so subtract the premium from the difference between what you bought it for and what you sold it for to determine your profit.

You buy a put if you think the price of the stock is going down, and a lot of these are bought to stop losses. You have a stock you paid $20 for. It's gone up to $40 and you'd like to keep some of the profits. You therefore buy a put at $38. If the stock drops below $38, you exercise the option, sell the stock, subtract the premium and keep the profits.

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