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A capillary shunt is also called right to left shunt. In a normal lung the alveoli diffuse oxygen to the capillary through a very thin membrane. In a "sick lung" such as one with pnuemonia, COPD and emphysema, the alveoli are filled with thick fluid and exudate. This thickens the membrane which makes it almost impossible for gas exchange to happens. In essence, blood then flows from the venous system to the arterial system without picking up any oxygen. The blood is shunted from venous to arterial system, bypassing the diffusion (oxygenation process) process.

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Q: What is capillary shunt?
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