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"Fraud Upon the Court" has been defined by the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals to "embrace that species of fraud which does, or attempts to, defile the court itself, or is a fraud perpetrated by officers of the court so that the judicial machinery can not perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases that are presented for adjudication.

1. In Bulloch v. United States, 763 F.2d 1115, 1121 (10th Cir. 1985), the court stated "Fraud upon the court is fraud which is directed to the judicial machinery itself and is not fraud between the parties or fraudulent documents, false statements or perjury. ... It is where the court or a member is corrupted or influenced or influence is attempted or where the judge has not performed his judicial function --- thus where the impartial functions of the court have been directly corrupted."

In In Kenner v. C.I.R., 387 F.3d 689 (1968) the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals further stated "a decision produced by fraud upon the court is not in essence a decision at all, and never becomes final." Under Federal law, when any officer of the court has committed "fraud upon the court", the orders and judgment of that court are void; of no legal force or effect.

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Q: What is considered misconduct for an officer of the court?
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