People whose values differ from those of main stream society
The concept of subculture emerged in the early 20th century among sociologists studying groups with distinct beliefs and customs within a larger society. It gained prominence in the 1950s and 1960s with the rise of youth countercultures in the United Kingdom and the United States, such as the beatniks and hippies. These subcultures often formed in urban centers like London and New York as a form of resistance to mainstream norms.
although the question is a bit incomplete and I am uncertain about the answer I will give it a go... we could say that subculture in sociological discourses could be defined in terms of : 1. ethnicity (ethnic minority with its own individual culture), 2. class (eg. working class subcultures), 3. deviance (being different, escaping the social norm), and 4. youth (youth subcultures, usually interlinked with music and fashion etc). ...
counterculture is more referred as culture that have been applied by teenager as this culture opposites our real culture such as transgender and so on. meanwhile subculture means a culture that have applied by whole society by adopting culture from others societies.
First of all, culture is a very subjective term. For the most part, the average individual will view one's culture in direct relation to the country or nationality that an individual grew up in. However, culture can be a much more intricate and personal thing for most, where one's culture is more defined by their immediate surroundings (people, places, events, etc.). I believe that most people have a hard enough time relating their own personal sense of culture to the world's idea of what their culture should be. Therefore, in many cases, a person's own sense of their cultural influences could be considered subculture. Of course, the traditional definition of subculture would indicate that there are more specific cultures that exist within larger and more broadly defined cultures. However, I believe this definition is redundant when one considers how an individual's sense of culture is really the essence of a subculture. As far as counterculture is concerned, I am not completely familiar with this term, but my understanding leads me to believe that counterculture is the subculture that exists within and beneath the individual's sense of subculture. These forms of counterculture generally collide and form opposites to the average person's idea of a region's overarching cultural influence. War and aggression in regions of peace and equality....close-mindedness and hatred in a region where understanding and acceptance are the norm. Terrorism, then, could be considered a global form of counterculture that seeks to dislodge any sense of security that one's culture might have provided. Of course, this too is subjective....
Subcultures are a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores (serious norms; norms with laws attached to them), folkways (casual norms), and values that differ from the pattern of the larger society. Examples of this would be, graffiti subculture, the "emo" (or new wave punk) subculture, wrestling, football, basketball or sport subcultures, so on and so forth. Countercultures are a type of subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of larger society (this is usually arguable). For example, hippies in the 60s, anarchists, the KKK, most gangs, and MLK Jr. (in his own time at least, him and his followers would be grouped a kind of counterculture.)
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explain why the Amish are considered by sociologists as a subculture and not as a counterculture.
Countercultures are a kind of subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger society. Examples of this would be the hippies of the 60's, anarchists, the KKK, Neo-Nazi's, most gangs, as well as MLK Jr. and his followers (in their time at least, they would have been grouped as a kind of counterculture, going against the norms of the American society at the time.)
The concept of subculture emerged in the early 20th century among sociologists studying groups with distinct beliefs and customs within a larger society. It gained prominence in the 1950s and 1960s with the rise of youth countercultures in the United Kingdom and the United States, such as the beatniks and hippies. These subcultures often formed in urban centers like London and New York as a form of resistance to mainstream norms.
Actually no, there is no counterculture today. True countercultures died out in the 1970s however I think the grunge movement of the 90s can be considered a counterculture. Today everything for the most part is mainstream in some way and people who think they are rebelling are actually fitting in with a crowd. There is no true political, sociological, or psychological movement that goes against mainstream norms. We'll never have hippies or beatniks again because it would/ already has become trendy and accepted in mainstream society.
although the question is a bit incomplete and I am uncertain about the answer I will give it a go... we could say that subculture in sociological discourses could be defined in terms of : 1. ethnicity (ethnic minority with its own individual culture), 2. class (eg. working class subcultures), 3. deviance (being different, escaping the social norm), and 4. youth (youth subcultures, usually interlinked with music and fashion etc). ...
J. Milton Yinger has written: 'Measuring racial and ethnic discrimination with fair housing audits' -- subject(s): Discrimination in housing 'A minority group in American society' -- subject(s): Minorities, Race discrimination, Segregation, African Americans, Afro-Americans 'An equilibrium model of urban population and the distribution of income' -- subject(s): Mathematical models, Population density, Income distribution 'Countercultures' -- subject(s): Religion and culture, Subculture, Social problems, Social change, Minorities 'Ethnicity' -- subject(s): Assimilation (Sociology), Ethnicity, Ethnic relations 'The scientific study of religion' -- subject(s): Religion 'Sociology looks at religion' -- subject(s): Religion and sociology 'Religion, society, and the individual' -- subject(s): Religion and sociology
Hippies - A counterculture movement gained momentum in which the younger generation began to define itself as a class that aimed to create a new kind of society in 1967. Feminism - The role of women as full-time homemakers in industrial society was challenged giving momentum to the women's movement and influencing the second wave of feminism. The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community (commonly abbreviated as the "LGBT" community) fits the definition a countercultural movement as "a cultural group whose values and norms of behavior run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day."
The 1960s had a great impact on society in many different ways. The Civil Rights Movement, removed Jim Crow racist laws that had been extant since Reconstruction, the Women's Liberation Movement restarted, as women could look forward to more personal freedom and rights. The Vietnam War, changed the outlook on the government and the wars it demands should be fought, with many refusing to accept the draft. Music became very important, not just in an entertainment, but as a political symbol as well. The Countercultures were direct rejections of the conservatism of the 1950s.
Not so muchThe Hippie movement essentially began in the Haight Ashbury suburb of San Francisco, and was a development of earlier West Coast countercultures, including the Beat movement and Aldous Huxley's original experiments with LSD.By the time that Hippie ideas began to be important in Britain (around 1966) the Beatles were already well established, but the Beatles rapidly adopted Hippie ideas, dress and drug habits for their Sergeant Pepper LP.The LP before Sergeant Pepper - Revolver - is much more European in its influences, and even though the Beatles were heavily influenced by Hippie ideas they were never a Hippie band to the extent of (for example) Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, The Incredible String Band, Pink Floyd, or the Soft Machine.Shortly after Sergeant Pepper the Beatles made a TV movie Magical Mystery Tour which is even more deeply influenced by Hippie ideas than Sergeant Pepper was. The film plot develops around a Magic Bus (Ken Kesey's Magic Bus was part of the basic folklore of Hippie philosophy), but by the time the Beatles made the White Album (follow up to Sergeant Pepper) they had already returned to using British Music Hall motifs and a satirical stance (eg in Back in the USSR).
not so much ---- The Hippy movement essentially began in the Haight Ashbury suburb of San Francisco, and was a development of earlier West Coast countercultures, including the Beat movement and Aldous Huxley's original experiments with LSD. By the time that Hippy ideas began to be important in Britain (around 1966) the Beatles were already well established, but the Beatles rapidly adopted Hippy ideas, dress and drug habits for their Sergeant Pepper LP. The LP before Sergeant Pepper - Revolver - is much more European in its influences, and even though the Beatles were heavily influenced by Hippy ideas they were never a Hippy band to the extent of (for example) Pink Floyd, or the Soft Machine. Shortly after Sergeant Pepper the Beatles made a TV movie Magical Mystery Tour which is even more deeply influenced by Hippy ideas than Sergeant Pepper was. The film plot develops around a Magic Bus (Ken Kesey's Magic Bus was part of the basic folklore of Hippy philosophy), but by the time the Beatles made the White Album (follow up to Sergeant Pepper) they had already returned to using British Music Hall motifs and a satirical stance (eg in Back in the USSR). Both British Music Hall and satire were no part of Hippy culture (which was Utopian and down home American in origin).