Basically the system volume is required to start up, and the boot volume contains the OS.
From http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314470:
The system volume refers to the disk volume that contains the hardware-specific files that are needed to start Windows, such as Ntldr, Boot.ini, and Ntdetect.com.
On computers that are running the Intel x86 line of CPU processors and later versions, the system volume must be a primary volume that is marked as active. This requirement can be fulfilled on any drive on the computer that the system BIOS searches when the operating system starts.
The system volume can be the same volume as the boot volume. However, this configuration is not required. The boot volume refers to the disk volume that contains the Windows operating system files and the supporting files. By default, the Windows operating system files are in the WINDOWS folder, and the supporting files are in the WINDOWS\System32 folder.
The boot volume can be the same volume as the system volume. However, this configuration is not required.
There is only one system volume. However, there is one boot volume for each operating system in a multiboot system."
All you have to do is think about what their names suggest they do. What do you think the BOOT volume does? What then, is the SYSTEM volume? Yeah, now you've answered that question logically, reverse your answer so it's illogical and that's the right answer! Yep, The BOOT volume contains the Windows (the system) folder, and the SYSTEM volume has all the boot.ini, ntldr and all the stuff you need to boot! BOOT volume = where the system is SYSTEM volume = where the boot files are I kid you not.
Boot partition = Boot files
System partition =System files
The system partition is the active partition of the hard drive and it contains the OS boot record. The boot partition is the partition where the Windows operating system is stored.
Most operating systems uses the boot partition to boot the computer. In some operating systems, both the system partition and the boot partition are used to boot up the system.
/boot is where the Linux kernel images, as well as parts of the bootloader are stored. The "root" is simply the uppermost directory in a Unix/Linux file system. Any directory that is not given it's own partition will be placed as a subdirectory in the file system on the "root" partition. Assuming you gave a partition to /etc, /bin, /boot, /usr, and so on, you wouldn't need a "root" partition at all.
system partition
On MS platforms, the system partition is used to hold the boot files. The boot partition holds all the windows operating system files. Leave it to Microsuck to mis-lable the partition hiearchy. The system partition holds what is loaded and executed first after the computer runs through its preliminary BIOS boot sequence. It tells the computer where to start loading the operating system from; the boot partition. The boot partition is where all the program files (thousands of them) needed by the operating system are stored. If the system partition is deleted; the computer will not find the operating system. If the boot partition is deleted, again; the computer will not find the operating system.
First of all boot partition must be active by default or your system will not boot. Second, there is not such thing as a system partition. There is a system disk which is usually located on boot partition. If you are asking about whether you can change size of boot partition in cost of another partition the answer is yes. The best way to do that is to use one utilities designed for such purposes, for instance, Acronis Disk Director.
The boot partition
the BootMgr file and the BCD file are stored in the system partition
boot partition
any way it is patition that allows it to perform it.
Information for BIOS: the active partition is the partition from which an operating system (or another boot-loader) should be boot-loaded.
Must be at least a 2 GB partition. System partition.