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An overhead valve (valve in head) engine has the valves in the head (not in the block) and they are in line with the motion of the piston, but are above it. Valves are usually operated by push rods or by overhead cam (driven by timing belt/chain from the crankshaft). The engine can be in any orientation : ie the cylinder motion could be horizontal or vertical. Overhead valve engines are high performance engines used in motor bikes and cars

A side valve engine has the valves in the block (not in the head). The valves are parallel to the piston motion and are placed just beside the cylinder. Valves are lifted by a camshaft, gear driven off the crankshaft. This arrangement is also known a 'L-head' engine. Advantages are that the head is simpler. The flow of fuel and exhaust gas is less efficient than overhead valve engine. due to having to make a 90 degree turn. Compression ratios are usually lower with side valve engines, so they will run happily on lower octane fuel. Side valve engines are mostly used on lawnmowers etc.

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Q: What is difference between overhead valve engine and side valve engine on lawn mowers?
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