Electron also referred to as a beta particle in this instance
During electron capture, an electron and proton combine and are converted to a neutron.
When a beta particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus gains one unit of positive charge as it transforms a neutron into a proton. This results in an increase in the atomic number of the atom while the mass number remains the same.
When a mercury-202 nucleus is bombarded with a neutron and a proton is ejected, the resulting nucleus will have one less proton than the original mercury nucleus. Mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80, so after losing a proton, the new element formed will be gold (Au), which has an atomic number of 79. Thus, the reaction transforms mercury-202 into gold-201.
It is in beta plus decay that we see the positron emitted from the nucleus. (An electron is emitted in beta minus decay.) Within the nucleus of an unstable atom, a proton transforms into a neutron, and a positron is ejected from the nucleus (along with a neutrino). As the nucleus now has one more proton than it did before, its atomic number just went up by one; it is another element.
During beta decay, a neutron is converted into a proton, releasing an electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino from the nucleus. The beta particle is emitted as the neutron decays into a proton, increasing the atomic number of the nucleus.
A neutron can transform into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino through a process called beta decay. During beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus of an atom is converted into a proton, an electron (beta particle), and an antineutrino. This process helps maintain the balance of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Electron capture is the absorption of an electron by an atomic nucleus if that nucleus is neutron poor. An electron is captured, usually from an inner electron shell of that atom, and it will convert a proton in the nucleus into a neutron. We know that a neutron is converted into a proton and an electron in neutron decay, so it might be looked at as something of an opposite nuclear reaction where a proton and an electron combine to form a neutron.
Proton and Neutron.
The results of beta transmutation will depend on which beta decay even occurs. If it's beta minus, a neutron will be converted into a proton and an electron will be ejected from the nucleus. The original atom with its 6 protons and 8 neutrons (6 + 8 = 14, the mass number as specified) will be an atom with 7 protons and 7 neutrons. In a beta plus decay event, a proton will be converted into a neutron and a positron will be ejected from the nucleus. The original atom with its 6 protons and 7 neutrons will be an atom with 5 protons and 8 neutrons. In addition to the ejected electron or positron, there will also be an ejected antineutrino or neutrino (respectively). Use the links below for more information on beta decay.
Proton and Neutron.
The underlying reason for beta decay is nuclear instability. Some atoms have a nucleus that is unstable because the proton-neutron ratio is "unstable" for that nucleus. In beta decay (there are two types), the weak interaction (which some might call the weak force) mediates a transformation that transmutes the nucleus. A neutron is converted into a proton with the ejection of an electron in beta minus decay. In beta plus decay, a proton is converted into a neutron with the ejection of a positron (anti-electron). A link is provided below for more information.The beta decay can be represented as:ZXA ------->Z+1YA +-1e0 +EBwhere EB is the emitted beta particle
Proton neutron