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Since internal energy is a state function and a cyclic process always returns to the same state (that's how you define a cyclic process), the value of the the internal energy will remain constant. That is not to say that it doesn't change along the cyclic path during the process - just that it always returns to the same value when the cycle is complete.
The entropy of an ideal gas during an isothermal process may change because normally the entropy is a net zero. The change of on isothermal process can produce positive energy.
Radiation
Mechanical energy
into internal energy
Assuming you are talking about a closed system, it is the difference in energy transferred to or from the system as work and HEAT.
A process by which energy is tranfered gases and liquids
Energy is being transferred when you see a change in the environment.
Since internal energy is a state function and a cyclic process always returns to the same state (that's how you define a cyclic process), the value of the the internal energy will remain constant. That is not to say that it doesn't change along the cyclic path during the process - just that it always returns to the same value when the cycle is complete.
The first law of thermodynamics requires that energy input must equal energy output plus energy accumulation. In this case that translates to; 430 J = 120 J + (internal energy change) so Internal energy change = 430 J - 120 J = +310 J (the internal energy increased by 310 Joules)
By the process of Radiation
The entropy of an ideal gas during an isothermal process may change because normally the entropy is a net zero. The change of on isothermal process can produce positive energy.
If a thermodynamic process takes place at a constant temperature it is called "isothermal". A word of caution however: the internal energy of a system may not remain the same in an isothermal process if the composition or phase changes; e.g. melting ice can be an isodthermal process but there is certainly a change in internal energy when it happens.
heat
Yes, if the process is occurring under an isothermal condition where change in T=0
Short Answer:The difference between heat and internal energy is that heat is technically a process by which energy is transferred between systems and internal energy is actual total energy of a system.Details:The meaning and use of terms related heat, temperature, energy varies depending on whether one is informally describing thermodynamic processes or one is being rigorous according to the definitions of thermodynamiocs. For most communication, even most scientific communication, the informal understandings are adequate.The nuances of the technical terms requires the study of thermodynamics, but will be (too) briefly described below.Temperature is directly proportional to the amount of kinetic energy the individual particles have within a body.Internal energy of a system is the total energy of the system. It is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies in all forms, including chemical bonds, rest mass, magnetic energy and everything else.Heat is thermal energy transferred to body. It is energy transferred through a temperature difference. Cold objects gain heat from warm ones.Thermal energy is energy associated with temperature. Thermal energy is not kinetic energy or heat. It is not a rigorously defined thermodynamic quantity when taken out of context.Work is force times distance, a mechanical process which changes the total energy of a system and does not require heat.See related links.
Radiation