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What process breaks down drugs and toxins in the liver?
The process of enzymatic oxidation and glucuronidation generally accomplishes this.
What are the enzymes involved in the metabolism of chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol metabolism primarily involves the enzymes UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which catalyze its glucuronidation, leading to the formation of the inactive metabolite. Additionally, cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, can also contribute to its oxidative metabolism. These metabolic pathways vary among individuals and can influence the drug's efficacy and toxicity.
What does UGT mean?
UGT stands for "Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferase," which is a family of enzymes involved in the process of glucuronidation, a key detoxification pathway in the liver. These enzymes catalyze the conjugation of glucuronic acid to various substrates, including drugs and endogenous compounds, facilitating their excretion from the body. Variations in UGT genes can influence individual responses to medications and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Glucuronyl transferase?
DefinitionGlucuronyl transferase is a liver enzyme. It changes bilirubin into a form that can be removed through the bile. It also changes some hormones, medicines, and toxins into non-harmful products.If the body does not produce enough glucuronyl transferase, jaundice can occur.ReferencesBerk PD, Korenblat KM. Approach to the patient with jaundice or abnormal liver test results. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 150.
Can a cat drink soda?
Most cats will not drink any kind of juice. First of all, cats are strictly carnivores, and do not usually like to eat or drink anything but animal products (meat, eggs, dairy). Moreover, juice is too harsh, acidic, and abrasive for their heightened senses. In particular, cats really, really hate any and all citrus fruit -- lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruit -- and will physically recoil if you put a cup of orange juice up in their face to smell. There are some odd exceptions. My uncle once had a cat that loved to eat oranges. Just oranges, though, not orange juice. But most cats will not touch fruit and especially fruit juice.
