A headwind hitting a plane
It would consume more fuel - as it would need to expend more energy to fight against the headwind.
yes
In athletics a headwind is expressed in negative terms eg - 5 m/s a wind in your face of 5 metres per second. A tailwind is expressed in positive terms eg + 5 m/s. The positive & negative seem superfluous as a headwind and tailwind are self explanatory
I think you would mean a kesterel.
Increase headwind component.
It is difficult for the same reason it takes more of a physical effort to cycle against a headwind. A headwind is trying to push us backwards, slowing our forward progress. With a tailwind, the wind is helping us to row a boat or cycle faster as it pushes us along from behind. A headwind causes air friction to increase.
Not unless it's in a headwind greater than the plane's stall speed.
900 kmp
tailwind which shifts to a headwind causes an initial increase in airspeed.
No. 'Airspeed' is the airplane's speed relative to the air. 'Headwind' and 'tailwind' ... in fact, 'wind' in any direction ... is the speed of the air relative to the ground, which the airplane doesn't feel. So 'wind' affects only the craft's groundspeed, not its airspeed.
In general, no. IF an aircraft had a headwind that was faster than the stall speed, it could in theory be motionless in regard to the ground- but the stall speed for most 4 engined aircraft is about 150 knots- that would be a VERY strong headwind. Flying into a hurricane might do it.