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Jurors are usually members of the public or certain legal luminaries who compose a jury, i.e, a board to decide a trial or a case. They are neither part of the Bar or the Bench, In the USA, they are chosen randomly from the eligible voters' list. UK has a jury system. India does not use the jury system to decide its cases; they are decided by the judges themselves.
The Athenian jury system selected jurors randomly from a pool of volunteers, while the US jury system selects jurors from voter registration or drivers license lists. In Athens, the jury size could be up to 501 citizens, while in the US, a standard jury size is 12. Additionally, in Athens, jurors voted by placing a token in one of two urns, whereas in the US, jurors deliberate and reach a consensus verdict.
In "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," there are 12 jurors because it is a reference to the traditional number of jurors in a jury trial. The story incorporates various elements of the legal system in a whimsical and nonsensical way to create absurd and comical situations.
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The hierarchy of judicial system in the United States has the senior judges at the top. They are followed by the chief judges, and finally the clerk of courts.
Every court system has access to a pool of potential jurors. When a trial date is set, several dozen potential jurors are selected and notified to appear at the courthouse at a certain day and time. The jurors are then asked if this will cause an undue hardship (cannot take time off work, cannot maintain reliable transportation, etc.) - any who qualify in the judge's opinion are excused at this time. The remaining potential jurors are then questioned by the prosecutors and the defense - each can veto up to a certain number of jurors. When 12 jurors are agreed upon by the judge, the prosecution and the defense, as well as one or two alternates in case the seated jury loses a member, the remaining potential jurors are released from duty.
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12They are chosen randomAdded: They ARE all chosen at random - but that was not the question.The number of jurors hearing a specific type of trial can vary greatly depending on the state and the court system involved. Some states require as few as 7 jurors for some criminal and/or civil trials while others will vary from that number up to 12 jurors for serious offenses and capital crimes.
There are many types of judges, including federal judges, state judges, appellate judges, trial court judges, administrative law judges, and magistrate judges. Each type may have specific jurisdiction and responsibilities depending on the court system in which they preside.
Federal judges on the US Supreme Court are called justices.
The legal system does not specify any educational standard for jurors. Anyone who is qualified to vote is qualified to be a juror.
Jurors are often referred to by numbers instead of their names to protect their identities and ensure their privacy. This practice helps maintain impartiality in the legal process by reducing the potential for external influences or biases. Using numbers also allows for more efficient communication and organization within the court system.