Central banks such as the Fed prefer that inflation remains stable over the long run. Most central banks practice flexible inflation targeting, to achieve that end. Constant inflation would deliver a zero output gap (meaning that the real level of output is equal to the potential level of output).
High inflation is often detrimental to an economy. Businesses and households must divert time and money to hedge against inflation. For example, retail stores must incur the cost of changing thousands of sticker prices on their shelves and in their computers. Severe types of inflation can reduce real output, thereby increasing unemployment.
However, when the price level stagnates (meaning little or no inflation), economies are at risk of a deflationary spiral. When this happens, prices and production fall drastically.
To balance between these extremes, central banks practice inflation targeting. Currently, the Fed holds a target of around 2% inflation per annum.
Inflation targeting typically involves two main types: explicit and implicit targeting. Explicit inflation targeting involves a clear commitment by central banks to achieve a specific inflation rate, often communicated through numerical targets and timelines. Implicit inflation targeting, on the other hand, does not set a formal target but still aims to keep inflation within a general range, guided by broader economic goals. Both approaches aim to enhance economic stability and predictability, influencing monetary policy decisions.
Gabriel Srour has written: 'The implications of trade barriers for sectoral diversification and macroeconomic stability in developing economies' 'The sale of durable goods by a monopolist in a stochastic environment' 'Price-level versus inflation targeting in a small open economy' -- subject(s): Econometric models, Prices, Inflation (Finance), Government policy, Monetary policy 'Inflation targeting under uncertainty'
Central banks such as the Fed prefer that inflation remains stable over the long run. Most central banks practice flexible inflation targeting, to achieve that end. Constant inflation would deliver a zero output gap (meaning that the real level of output is equal to the potential level of output). High inflation is often detrimental to an economy. Businesses and households must divert time and money to hedge against inflation. For example, retail stores must incur the cost of changing thousands of sticker prices on their shelves and in their computers. Severe types of inflation can reduce real output, thereby increasing unemployment. However, when the price level stagnates (meaning little or no inflation), economies are at risk of a deflationary spiral. When this happens, prices and production fall drastically. To balance between these extremes, central banks practice inflation targeting. Currently, the Fed holds a target of around 2% inflation per annum.
Since 2000, the South African Revenue Bank has held inflation targeting as its prime monetary policy goal. SARB has an consumer price inflation (CPI) objective of 3-6%.
Stephen F. Frowen has written: 'A framework for comparison of inflation targeting in Germany and the UK'
Eric V. Clifton has written: 'Inflation targeting and the unemployment-inflation trade-off' -- subject(s): Anti-inflationary policies, Econometric models, Effect of inflation on, Inflation (Finance), Unemployment 'Institutions versus geography' -- subject(s): Economic conditions, Economic geography, Industrial location, Poverty
David P. Cobham has written: 'Markets and Dealers' 'Money in the Middle East and North Africa' -- subject(s): Monetary policy 'Inflation targeting in MENA countries' -- subject(s): Monetary policy, Inflation (Finance) 'Macroeconomic analysis' -- subject(s): Macroeconomics
The Federal Reserve Board aims to limit inflation instability by targeting a stable inflation rate, typically around 2% annually. This helps maintain purchasing power and fosters predictable economic conditions, which are essential for consumer and business planning. By using tools like interest rate adjustments, the Fed seeks to mitigate extreme fluctuations in inflation, thereby promoting sustainable economic growth and employment. Such stability is crucial for maintaining confidence in the economy.
marketing targeting
The government acts on inflation through The Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve acts on inflation by targeting interest rates through the reserve requirement. When interest rates are high, people want to keep money in their bank accounts, and inflation decreases. When interest rates are low, people are more willing to spend their money and inflation increases. Once, the Federal Reserve actually pushed the United States into a recession once to battle especially high inflation. Ever since then, it has been very important for the Federal Reserve to keep inflation in check. The government, as demonstrated during the latest recession, enacts many different stimulus packages to help the economy recover and help unemployment come down from extremely high percentages.
what do you understand from segmentation, targeting andpositioning strategies
inflation