Jizya: the root meaning is compensation. The derived meaning, which became the technical meaning, was a poll-tax levied from those who did not accept Islam, but were willing to live under the protection of Islam, and were thus tacitly willing to submit to its ideals being enforced in the Muslim State. There was no amount permanently fixed for it. It was in acknowledgment that those whose religion was tolerated would in their turn not interfere with the preaching and progress of Islam. Imam Shafi'i suggests one dinar per year, which would be the Arabian gold dinar of the Muslim States. The tax varied in amount, and there were exemptions for the poor, for females and children (according to Abu Hanifa), for slaves, and for monks and hermits. Being a tax on able-bodied males of military age, it was in a sense a commutation for military service.
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the money someone has to pay for not following the rules of a united community.
Jizya was not just introduced, it is a command sent by Allah.No-one has created this tax, however, the first to use it was the Holy Prophet PBUH.
they were called the muhamed desendace.
Firuz Tughluq
jahandar shah who was the grandson of Aurangzeb abolished jizyah in india.
Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb reimposed Jizya on non-Muslims in 1679. According to Mughal records, the Jizya was imposed on Hindus With the object of curbing the infidels, and of distinguishing the land of the faithful from an infidel land. Manucci says that Aurangzeb did this for two reasons: by this time his treasures had begun to shrink owing to expenditure on his campaigns; and secondly, to force the Hindus to become Muslims.
No Muslim-majority country has an official policy of imposing a Jizya tax any more. The few incidents that have been recorded in recent years are by militant groups like the Taliban in regions under their control, but these have been condemned as "extortion" by other Muslims.
akbar stopped the jizya tax and celebrated devali and went along the solar calendar and arabic study was discouraged while aurangzeb brought the jizya tax paid by non-muslims back and banned dancing and singing in court and himself wrote copies of the quran and quilted caps himself and earned money in that way. SO THE MAIN DIFFERENCE IS THAT AKBAR DISCOURAGED Islam AND AURANGZEB WAS A SUNNI DEVOUT MUSLIM.
Which battle? If the Muslims subjugated a group of non-Muslims, then those non-Muslims converted to Islam, it is possible that their jizya could be "refunded" (but not their kharaj taxes which remain tied to their land even after conversion). Or, if the battle ended in negotiations, an alternative settlement could be worked out in a treaty. Normally & in the Quran and primary Hadith, however, no exemptions/no returns are laid out. The non-Muslim must convert, pay, or be fought by the Muslims under Islamic law.
The purpose of the jizya tax for the Ahl al-Kitaab is in order to humiliate the Non-Muslims required to pay it (usually Jews and Christians). This is specifically referenced in Qur'an 9:29, which is the only verse in the Qur'an to mention the jizya. A number of Hadiths and Islamic sages have gone on further to say that the Non-Muslim should also be physically struck and/or forced to bow before the Muslim tax collector as a sign of his humiliation. Qur'an 9:29: (Sahih International): Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth [Islam] from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled.
Answer 1Jizya was a form of tax laid on non-Muslims residing in Muslim-controlled areas. It was synonymous to the Zakat that Muslims pay every year to the government with the difference that it was for non-Muslims and had numerous exceptions. They people disliked that Jizya because they had to pay money from their own savings to the Muslim rulers. In today's terms, it can be seen as the usual resentment to VAT or other Tax levied on all of us.Answer 2The resentment toward the jizya among the Dhimmi has nothing to do with the actual expense of the tax. That is to say that the rate was not in any way unconscionable and (considering many taxes levied in similar periods) was actually quite trivial. The hatred that the Dhimmi have toward the jizya is that it was not intended solely to gain revenue, but to single out and humiliate non-Muslims for their "failure to realize that Islam was correct". It was protection money, similar to what one might give to a mobster who runs a neighborhood so that he does not murder your family. This sense among the Dhimmi that the Muslims would only tolerate them as long as they "paid on time" made them angry. Muslim continual failure to recognize this past continues to incense the descendants of and current Dhimmi in Muslim countries today.
They were labeled as dhimmi. Judaism and Christianity had to be kept low-profile, and (for example) church bells, or blowing the shofar-horn, were forbidden.They also had to pay a special tax (Jizya); and any dhimmi avoiding this payment would have his safety forfeited.
Aurangzeb implemented more conservative religious policies compared to his predecessors. He enforced Islamic law more strictly, imposed jizya on non-Muslims, and banned certain Hindu practices. This led to increased tensions and religious conflict during his reign.