What is judaism's term for supreme being?

Answer 1

I assume by this you mean God. In Judaism God's name is YHVH. Some people believe that God has no true name, but this is as close to God as a formation of words can be. It is believed that this name might mean "I will be what I will be." The name of God is forbidden to be said except by a high priest in the Great Temple (which does not exist at the moment). Jews currently call God Adonoi meaning The Lord, Elohim perhaps meaning God and His Holy Court, El meaning God, or El Shaddai meaning God of Shaddai. The most common name for God, though is YHVH. Jews refuse to attempt to say YHVH and instead call God HaShem, meaning The Name.

Jewish Answer

The Creator has one true name which is represented by the letters YHVH in English. The Hebrew letters are "yud, hei, vav, hei". These four letters are referred to as the tetragrammaton and are a contraction of the Hebrew words for, "was, is, and will be". His true name was only said in the Temple and with the Temple's destruction we lost the correct pronunciation.

In the Tanach (Jewish Bible), there are 72 different 'names' used for The Creator, these aren't actual names though, they're descriptions of Him that are contextual. In daily conversation, most Jews the name 'HaShem' which literally translates to 'The Name' in reference to His true name.